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systat - display system statistics
While is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The upper window depicts the current system load average. The information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
By default displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk I/O statistics (a la iostat(8)), virtual memory statistics (a la vmstat(8)), network ``mbuf'' utilization, TCP/IP statistics, and network connections (a la netstat(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input. If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
Command line options:
Certain characters cause immediate action by . These are
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' command interpreter.
The available displays are:
The icmp display understands two commands: mode and reset The mode command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
The reset command resets the baseline for since mode. The mode command with no argument will display the current mode in the command line.
The following commands are specific to the iostat display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five, and fifteen minute intervals. Below this line are statistics on memory utilization. The first row of the table reports memory usage only among active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous twenty seconds. The second row reports on memory usage of all processes. The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages claimed by processes. The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that are devoted to read only text pages. The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be needed if all processes had all of their pages. Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages on the free list.
Below the memory display is a list of the average number of processes (over the last refresh interval) that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait other than paging (`d'), sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w'). The row also shows the average number of context switches (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page faults (`Flt').
Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'), nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
Below the process display are statistics on name translations. It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval, the number and percentage of the translations that were handled by the system wide name translation cache, and the number and percentage of the translations that were handled by the per process name translation cache.
To the right of the name translations display are lines showing the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'), desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'), number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'), and number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
At the bottom left is the disk usage display. It reports the number of kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds). The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the first devices in the kernel's device list. See devstat(3) and devstat(9) for details on the devstat system.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics on paging and swapping activity. The first two columns report the average number of pages brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval due to page faults and the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. The first row of the display shows the average number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval; the second row of the display shows the average number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual memory system. The first few lines describe, in units (except as noted below) of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval, pages copied on write (`cow'), pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'), pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'), the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'), pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'), pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'), total pages freed (`totfr'), pages reactivated from the free list (`react'), the average number of times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'), pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'), and in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn'). Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'. The next few lines describe, as amounts of memory in kilobytes, pages wired down (`wire'), active pages (`act'), inactive pages (`inact'), pages on the cache queue (`cache'), and free pages (`free'). Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones; they are not averages.
At the bottom of this column is a line showing the amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf'). This statistic is not useful. It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic (the amount of real memory used to cache disks). The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available, but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown of the interrupts being handled by the system. At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second over the time interval. The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device by device basis. Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
The following commands are specific to the vmstat display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic. By default, the ifstat display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are in a human-readable format. The scaling units used for the current and peak traffic columns can be altered by the scale command.
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are common to each display which shows information about disk drives. These commands are used to select a set of drives to report on, should your system have more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the screen.
match da,scsi | cd,ide
This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
match da | sa | cd,pass
This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices, and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
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