Интерактивная система просмотра системных руководств (man-ов)
which (1)
which (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
which (1) ( FreeBSD man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
which (1) ( Русские man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
>> which (1) ( Linux man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
NAME
which - shows the full path of (shell) commands.
SYNOPSIS
which
[options] [--] programname [...]
DESCRIPTION
Which takes one or more arguments. For each of its arguments
it prints to stdout the full path of the executables
that would have been executed when this argument had been
entered at the shell prompt. It does this by searching
for an executable or script in the directories listed in
the environment variable PATH using the same algorithm as bash(1).
This man page is generated from the file which.texinfo.
OPTIONS
--all, -a
Print all matching executables in PATH, not just the first.
--read-alias, -i
Read aliases from stdin, reporting matching ones on
stdout. This is useful in combination with using an
alias for which itself. For example
alias which='alias | which -i'.
--skip-alias
Ignore option `--read-alias', if any. This is useful to
explicity search for normal binaries, while using
the `--read-alias' option in an alias or function for which.
--read-functions
Read shell function definitions from stdin, reporting matching
ones on stdout. This is useful in combination with using a shell
function for which itself. For example:
which() { declare -f | which --read-functions $@ }
export -f which
--skip-functions
Ignore option `--read-functions', if any. This is useful to
explicity search for normal binaries, while using
the `--read-functions' option in an alias or function for which.
--skip-dot
Skip directories in PATH that start with a dot.
--skip-tilde
Skip directories in PATH that start with a tilde and
executables which reside in the HOME directory.
--show-dot
If a directory in PATH starts with a dot and a matching
executable was found for that path, then print
"./programname" rather than the full path.
--show-tilde
Output a tilde when a directory matches the HOME
directory. This option is ignored when which is
invoked as root.
--tty-only
Stop processing options on the right if not on tty.
--version,-v,-V
Print version information on standard output then exit
successfully.
--help
Print usage information on standard output then exit
successfully.
RETURN VALUE
Which returns the number of failed arguments, or -1 when
no `programname' was given.
EXAMPLE
The recommended way to use this utility is by adding an alias (C shell)
or shell function (Bourne shell) for which like the following:
[ba]sh:
which ()
{
(alias; declare -f) | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --read-functions --show-tilde --show-dot $@
}
export -f which
[t]csh:
alias which 'alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'
This will print the readable ~/ and ./ when starting which
from your prompt, while still printing the full path when
used from a script:
> which q2
~/bin/q2
> echo `which q2`
/home/carlo/bin/q2
BUGS
The HOME directory is determined by looking for the HOME
environment variable, which aborts when this variable
doesn't exist. Which will consider two equivalent directories
to be different when one of them contains a path
with a symbolic link.
