Проект OpenNet: MAN in.identd (8) Команды системного администрирования (FreeBSD и Linux)

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in.identd (8)

>> in.identd (8) ( Linux man: Команды системного администрирования )

NAME

identd, in.identd - TCP/IP IDENT protocol server

SYNOPSIS

[in.]identd [options]

DESCRIPTION

Identd is a server which implements the TCP/IP proposed standard IDENT user identification protocol as specified in the RFC 1413 document.

identd operates by looking up specific TCP/IP connections and returning the user name of the process owning the connection. It can optionally return other information instead of a user name.

OPTIONS

-h: Display the available command line options.
-V: Displays the version and OS version it was compiled for, and then exit.
-d: Enables extra debugging messages.
-C<file>: Directs identd to parse additional configuration options from the file specified.
-i: May be used when starting the daemon by inetd with the "nowait" option (see below).
-w: May be used when starting the daemon by inetd with the "wait" option (see below).
-I: May be used when the daemon is started by init (see below).
-b: flag may be used to make the daemon run in standalone mode (see below).
-u<user>: Used to specify a user number or name to which the server should switch to after binding itself to the TCP/IP port and opening the kernel devices.
-g<group>: Used to specify a group number or name which the server should switch to after binding itself to the TCP/IP port and opening the kernel devices.
-p<port>: Used to specify an alternative TCP port to bind to, if running as a standalone daemon or started by init Can be specified by name or by number. Defaults to the IDENT port (113).
-t<limit>: Used to specify the request timeout limit. This is the maximum number of seconds a server will allow a client connection to be active before terminating it. It defaults to 120 seconds.
-P<pidfile>: Specify the location of a file to store the process number of the Identd daemon.
-K<nthreads>: Control the number of threads to use for kernel lookups
-L<facility>: Set the syslog facility to use instead of 'daemon'.
-o: Directs identd to return OTHER instead of UNIX as the "operating system".
-E: Enables DES encryption of the returned data (see below for more information).
-n: Directs identd to always return user numbers instead of user names (for example if you wish to keep the user names a secret).
-N: Directs identd to check for a file ".noident" in each home directory for the user which the daemon is about to return the user name for. It that file exists then the daemon will give the error HIDDEN-USER instead of the normal USERID response.
-e: Enables certain non-standard protocol extensions. Currently defined extensions include the requests VERSION to return the Ident daemon version and QUIT to terminate a session (useful in conjunction with the -m option).
-m: Enables identd to use a mode of operation that will allow multiple requests to be processed per session. Each request is specified one per line and the responses will be returned one per line. The connection will not be closed until the connecting part closes it's end of the line.

INSTALLATION

The prefered way to start identd depends on how it was built.

If it was built with support for multithreading then it should be started either from init , as a standalone daemon or from inetd using the "wait" mode (if your inetd supports it!)

If it was built without support for multithreading then it should be started from inetd using the normal "nowait" mode for "stream tcp" services. (The main reason being that it will be single-threaded, so it will only serve one client connection at a time).

identd normally will autodetect how it was invoked so there normally is no need to use the four command line switches (-i, -w, -I, -b).

ENCRYPTION

DES encryption is only available if the daemon was built with support for it enabled.

An encryption key (1024 bytes long) should be stored in the key file ( /etc/identd.key ) and it should be generated using a cryptographically safe random generator in order to be really safe. It should not contain any NUL (0x00) characters since this is used as a string to generate the real binary DES key.

This file may contain multiple 1024 byte long keys, and the server will use the last key stored in that file.

The returned token will contain the local and remote IP addresses and TCP port numbers, the local user's uid number, a timestamp, a random number, and a checksum - all encrypted using DES. The encrypted binary information is then encoded in a BASE64 string (32 characters long) and enclosed in square brackets to produce a token that is transmitted to the remote client.

The encrypted token can later be decrypted by the idecrypt command. This program will attempt to decrypt a token with all the keys stored in the key file until it succeeds (or have tried all the keys).

CONFIGURATION FILE

The configuration file contains a list of option=value pairs.

syslog:facility = FACILITY: Set which facility to use when sending syslog messages.
server:user = USER: Set what user (and group, from the passwd database) the daemon should run as after it has opened all the kernel handles. (Default: nobody)
server:group = GROUP: Override the group id (as set by the server:user option).
server:port = PORT: Set what TCP/IP port the daemon should listen to. (Default: 113)
server:backlog = LIMIT: Set the size of the server listen() backlog limit.
server:pid-file = PATH: Set the path to the file where the server will store it's process id.
server:max-request = LIMIT: Max number of concurrent requests allowed. Default is 0 (zero) which means "no limit".
protocol:extensions = ON/OFF: Enable/disable the nonstandard protocol extensions ( VERSION and QUIT currently). Default: off
protocol:multiquery = ON/OFF: Enable/disable the multiple queries per connection feature. Default: off
protocol:timeout = SECONDS: Max number of seconds since connection or last request. If set to 0 (zero), no timeout will be used. Default: 120 seconds.
kernel:threads = LIMIT: Max number of threads doing kernel lookups concurrently. Default: 8
kernel:buffers = LIMIT: Max number of queued kernel lookup requests. Default: 32
kernel:attempts = LIMIT: Max number of times to retry a kernel lookup in case of failure. Default: 5
result:uid-only = YES/NO: Disable uid->username lookups (only return uid numbers). Default: no
result:noident = ON/OFF: Enable/disable checking for the ".noident" file in users home directories.
result:charset = CHARSET: Define the character set returned in replies. Default: "US-ASCII"
result:opsys = OPSYS: Define the operating system returned in replies. Default: "UNIX"
result:syslog-level = LEVEL: If set to anything other than "none", all request replies till be sent to the syslog service with the specificed severity level. Default: none
result:encrypt = YES/NO: Enable encryption of replies. Only available if Identd was built with a DES encryption library.
encrypt:key-file = PATH: Path to the file containing the encryption keys.
include = PATH: Include (and parse) the contents of another configuration file.

NOTES

The username (or UID) returned ought to be the login name. However it (probably, for most architecture implementations) is the "real user ID" as stored with the process. Thus the UID returned may be different from the login name for setuid programs (or those running as root) which has done a setuid(3) call and their children. For example, it may (should?) be wrong for an incoming ftpd ; and we are probably interested in the running shell, not the telnetd for an incoming telnet session. (But of course identd returns info for outgoing connections, not incoming ones.)

FILES

/etc/identd.conf: Contains the default configuration options for identd.
/etc/identd.pid: Contains (if enabled) the process number of the identd daemon.
/etc/identd.key: If compiled with DES encryption enabled, the 1024 first bytes of this file is used to specify the secret key for encrypting replies.