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POSIX (1)
  • >> POSIX (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
  • POSIX (3) ( Solaris man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • POSIX (3) ( Разные man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • POSIX (5) ( Solaris man: Форматы файлов )
  • 
    
    

    NAME

         POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
    
    
    

    SYNOPSIS

             use POSIX;
             use POSIX qw(setsid);
             use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
    
             printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
    
             $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
    
             $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
                 # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
    
    
    
    

    DESCRIPTION

         The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all)
         the standard POSIX 1003.1 identifiers.  Many of these
         identifiers have been given Perl-ish interfaces.  Things
         which are #defines in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are
         automatically exported into your namespace.  All functions
         are only exported if you ask for them explicitly.  Most
         likely people will prefer to use the fully-qualified
         function names.
    
         This document gives a condensed list of the features
         available in the POSIX module.  Consult your operating
         system's manpages for general information on most features.
         Consult the perlfunc manpage for functions which are noted
         as being identical to Perl's builtin functions.
    
         The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1
         specification.  The second section describes some classes
         for signal objects, TTY objects, and other miscellaneous
         objects.  The remaining sections list various constants and
         macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std
         1003.1b-1993.
    
    
    

    NOTE

         The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module
         supplied with the standard distribution.  It incorporates
         autoloading, namespace games, and dynamic loading of code
         that's in Perl, C, or both.  It's a great source of wisdom.
    
    
    

    CAVEATS

         A few functions are not implemented because they are C
         specific.  If you attempt to call these, they will print a
         message telling you that they aren't implemented, and
         suggest using the Perl equivalent should one exist.  For
         example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the
         message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
         Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance,
         but in fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX
         Compliance Test Suites).  For example, one vendor may not
         define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the errno values set by
         open(2) might not be quite right.  Perl does not attempt to
         verify POSIX compliance.  That means you can currently
         successfully say "use POSIX",  and then later in your
         program you find that your vendor has been lax and there's
         no usable ICANON macro after all.  This could be construed
         to be a bug.
    
    
    

    FUNCTIONS

         _exit   This is identical to the C function _exit().
    
         abort   This is identical to the C function abort().
    
         abs     This is identical to Perl's builtin abs() function.
    
         access  Determines the accessibility of a file.
    
                         if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
                                 print "have read permission\n";
                         }
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         acos    This is identical to the C function acos().
    
         alarm   This is identical to Perl's builtin alarm()
                 function.
    
         asctime This is identical to the C function asctime().
    
         asin    This is identical to the C function asin().
    
         assert  Unimplemented.
    
         atan    This is identical to the C function atan().
    
         atan2   This is identical to Perl's builtin atan2()
                 function.
    
         atexit  atexit() is C-specific: use END {} instead.
    
         atof    atof() is C-specific.
    
         atoi    atoi() is C-specific.
    
         atol    atol() is C-specific.
    
         bsearch bsearch() not supplied.
    
         calloc  calloc() is C-specific.
    
         ceil    This is identical to the C function ceil().
    
         chdir   This is identical to Perl's builtin chdir()
                 function.
    
         chmod   This is identical to Perl's builtin chmod()
                 function.
    
         chown   This is identical to Perl's builtin chown()
                 function.
    
         clearerr
                 Use method IO::Handle::clearerr() instead.
    
         clock   This is identical to the C function clock().
    
         close   Close the file.  This uses file descriptors such as
                 those obtained by calling POSIX::open.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
                         POSIX::close( $fd );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         closedir
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin closedir()
                 function.
    
         cos     This is identical to Perl's builtin cos() function.
    
         cosh    This is identical to the C function cosh().
    
         creat   Create a new file.  This returns a file descriptor
                 like the ones returned by POSIX::open.  Use
                 POSIX::close to close the file.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
                         POSIX::close( $fd );
    
    
         ctermid Generates the path name for the controlling
                 terminal.
    
                         $path = POSIX::ctermid();
    
    
         ctime   This is identical to the C function ctime().
    
         cuserid Get the character login name of the user.
    
                         $name = POSIX::cuserid();
    
    
         difftime
                 This is identical to the C function difftime().
    
         div     div() is C-specific.
    
         dup     This is similar to the C function dup().
    
                 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
                 calling POSIX::open.
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         dup2    This is similar to the C function dup2().
    
                 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
                 calling POSIX::open.
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         errno   Returns the value of errno.
    
                         $errno = POSIX::errno();
    
    
         execl   execl() is C-specific.
    
         execle  execle() is C-specific.
    
         execlp  execlp() is C-specific.
    
         execv   execv() is C-specific.
    
         execve  execve() is C-specific.
    
         execvp  execvp() is C-specific.
    
         exit    This is identical to Perl's builtin exit() function.
    
         exp     This is identical to Perl's builtin exp() function.
    
         fabs    This is identical to Perl's builtin abs() function.
    
         fclose  Use method IO::Handle::close() instead.
    
         fcntl   This is identical to Perl's builtin fcntl()
                 function.
    
         fdopen  Use method IO::Handle::new_from_fd() instead.
    
         feof    Use method IO::Handle::eof() instead.
    
         ferror  Use method IO::Handle::error() instead.
    
         fflush  Use method IO::Handle::flush() instead.
    
         fgetc   Use method IO::Handle::getc() instead.
    
         fgetpos Use method IO::Seekable::getpos() instead.
    
         fgets   Use method IO::Handle::gets() instead.
    
         fileno  Use method IO::Handle::fileno() instead.
    
         floor   This is identical to the C function floor().
    
         fmod    This is identical to the C function fmod().
    
         fopen   Use method IO::File::open() instead.
    
         fork    This is identical to Perl's builtin fork() function.
    
         fpathconf
                 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a
                 file or directory.  This uses file descriptors such
                 as those obtained by calling POSIX::open.
    
                 The following will determine the maximum length of
                 the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem
                 which holds /tmp/foo.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
                         $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         fprintf fprintf() is C-specific--use printf instead.
    
         fputc   fputc() is C-specific--use print instead.
    
         fputs   fputs() is C-specific--use print instead.
    
         fread   fread() is C-specific--use read instead.
    
         free    free() is C-specific.
    
         freopen freopen() is C-specific--use open instead.
    
         frexp   Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point
                 number.
    
                         ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 3.14 );
    
         fscanf  fscanf() is C-specific--use <> and regular
                 expressions instead.
    
         fseek   Use method IO::Seekable::seek() instead.
    
         fsetpos Use method IO::Seekable::setpos() instead.
    
         fstat   Get file status.  This uses file descriptors such as
                 those obtained by calling POSIX::open.  The data
                 returned is identical to the data from Perl's
                 builtin stat function.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
                         @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
    
    
         ftell   Use method IO::Seekable::tell() instead.
    
         fwrite  fwrite() is C-specific--use print instead.
    
         getc    This is identical to Perl's builtin getc() function.
    
         getchar Returns one character from STDIN.
    
         getcwd  Returns the name of the current working directory.
    
         getegid Returns the effective group id.
    
         getenv  Returns the value of the specified enironment
                 variable.
    
         geteuid Returns the effective user id.
    
         getgid  Returns the user's real group id.
    
         getgrgid
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin getgrgid()
                 function.
    
         getgrnam
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin getgrnam()
                 function.
    
         getgroups
                 Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups.
    
         getlogin
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin getlogin()
                 function.
    
         getpgrp This is identical to Perl's builtin getpgrp()
                 function.
    
         getpid  Returns the process's id.
    
         getppid This is identical to Perl's builtin getppid()
                 function.
    
         getpwnam
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin getpwnam()
                 function.
    
         getpwuid
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin getpwuid()
                 function.
    
         gets    Returns one line from STDIN.
    
         getuid  Returns the user's id.
    
         gmtime  This is identical to Perl's builtin gmtime()
                 function.
    
         isalnum This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isalpha This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isatty  Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified
                 filehandle is connected to a tty.
    
         iscntrl This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isdigit This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isgraph This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         islower This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isprint This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
    
         ispunct This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isspace This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isupper This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         isxdigit
                 This is identical to the C function, except that it
                 can apply to a single character or to a whole
                 string.
    
         kill    This is identical to Perl's builtin kill() function.
    
         labs    labs() is C-specific, use abs instead.
    
         ldexp   This is identical to the C function ldexp().
    
         ldiv    ldiv() is C-specific, use / and int instead.
    
         link    This is identical to Perl's builtin link() function.
    
         localeconv
                 Get numeric formatting information.  Returns a
                 reference to a hash containing the current locale
                 formatting values.
    
                 The database for the de (Deutsch or German) locale.
    
    
    
                         $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
                         print "Locale = $loc\n";
                         $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
                         print "decimal_point    = ", $lconv->{decimal_point},   "\n";
                         print "thousands_sep    = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep},   "\n";
                         print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping},        "\n";
                         print "int_curr_symbol  = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
                         print "currency_symbol  = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
                         print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
                         print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
                         print "mon_grouping     = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping},    "\n";
                         print "positive_sign    = ", $lconv->{positive_sign},   "\n";
                         print "negative_sign    = ", $lconv->{negative_sign},   "\n";
                         print "int_frac_digits  = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
                         print "frac_digits      = ", $lconv->{frac_digits},     "\n";
                         print "p_cs_precedes    = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes},   "\n";
                         print "p_sep_by_space   = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space},  "\n";
                         print "n_cs_precedes    = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes},   "\n";
                         print "n_sep_by_space   = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space},  "\n";
                         print "p_sign_posn      = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn},     "\n";
                         print "n_sign_posn      = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn},     "\n";
    
    
         localtime
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin localtime()
                 function.
    
         log     This is identical to Perl's builtin log() function.
    
         log10   This is identical to the C function log10().
    
         longjmp longjmp() is C-specific: use die instead.
    
         lseek   Move the file's read/write position.  This uses file
                 descriptors such as those obtained by calling
                 POSIX::open.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
                         $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         malloc  malloc() is C-specific.
    
         mblen   This is identical to the C function mblen().
    
         mbstowcs
                 This is identical to the C function mbstowcs().
    
         mbtowc  This is identical to the C function mbtowc().
    
    
         memchr  memchr() is C-specific, use index() instead.
    
         memcmp  memcmp() is C-specific, use eq instead.
    
         memcpy  memcpy() is C-specific, use = instead.
    
         memmove memmove() is C-specific, use = instead.
    
         memset  memset() is C-specific, use x instead.
    
         mkdir   This is identical to Perl's builtin mkdir()
                 function.
    
         mkfifo  This is similar to the C function mkfifo().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         mktime  Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
    
                 Synopsis:
    
                         mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)
    
                 The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday)
                 begin at zero.  I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is
                 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1.  The year (year)
                 is given in years since 1900.  I.e. The year 1995 is
                 95; the year 2001 is 101.  Consult your system's
                 mktime() manpage for details about these and the
                 other arguments.
    
                 Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
    
                         $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
                         print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         modf    Return the integral and fractional parts of a
                 floating-point number.
    
                         ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
    
    
         nice    This is similar to the C function nice().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         offsetof
                 offsetof() is C-specific.
    
    
         open    Open a file for reading for writing.  This returns
                 file descriptors, not Perl filehandles.  Use
                 POSIX::close to close the file.
    
                 Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
    
                 Open a file for read and write.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
    
                 Open a file for write, with truncation.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
    
                 Create a new file with mode 0640.  Set up the file
                 for writing.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         opendir Open a directory for reading.
    
                         $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" );
                         @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
                         POSIX::closedir( $dir );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         pathconf
                 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a
                 file or directory.
    
                 The following will determine the maximum length of
                 the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem
                 which holds /tmp.
    
                         $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         pause   This is similar to the C function pause().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         perror  This is identical to the C function perror().
    
         pipe    Create an interprocess channel.  This returns file
                 descriptors like those returned by POSIX::open.
    
                         ($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe();
                         POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 );
                         POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 );
    
    
         pow     Computes $x raised to the power $exponent.
    
                         $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
    
    
         printf  Prints the specified arguments to STDOUT.
    
         putc    putc() is C-specific--use print instead.
    
         putchar putchar() is C-specific--use print instead.
    
         puts    puts() is C-specific--use print instead.
    
         qsort   qsort() is C-specific, use sort instead.
    
         raise   Sends the specified signal to the current process.
    
         rand    rand() is non-portable, use Perl's rand instead.
    
         read    Read from a file.  This uses file descriptors such
                 as those obtained by calling POSIX::open.  If the
                 buffer $buf is not large enough for the read then
                 Perl will extend it to make room for the request.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
                         $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         readdir This is identical to Perl's builtin readdir()
                 function.
    
         realloc realloc() is C-specific.
    
         remove  This is identical to Perl's builtin unlink()
                 function.
    
         rename  This is identical to Perl's builtin rename()
                 function.
    
         rewind  Seeks to the beginning of the file.
    
         rewinddir
                 This is identical to Perl's builtin rewinddir()
                 function.
    
    
         rmdir   This is identical to Perl's builtin rmdir()
                 function.
    
         scanf   scanf() is C-specific--use <> and regular
                 expressions instead.
    
         setgid  Sets the real group id for this process.
    
         setjmp  setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead.
    
         setlocale
                 Modifies and queries program's locale.
    
                 The following will set the traditional UNIX system
                 locale behavior (the second argument "C").
    
                         $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "C" );
    
                 The following will query (the missing second
                 argument) the current LC_CTYPE category.
    
                         $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_CTYPE);
    
                 The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour
                 according to the locale environment variables (the
                 second argument "").  Please see your systems the
                 setlocale(3) manpage documentation for the locale
                 environment variables' meaning or consult the
                 perllocale manpage.
    
                         $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_CTYPE, "");
    
                 The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to
                 Argentinian Spanish. NOTE: The naming and
                 availability of locales depends on your operating
                 system. Please consult the perllocale manpage for
                 how to find out which locales are available in your
                 system.
    
                         $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
    
    
         setpgid This is similar to the C function setpgid().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         setsid  This is identical to the C function setsid().
    
         setuid  Sets the real user id for this process.
    
         sigaction
                 Detailed signal management.  This uses
                 POSIX::SigAction objects for the action and
                 oldaction arguments.  Consult your system's
                 sigaction manpage for details.
    
                 Synopsis:
    
                         sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0)
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         siglongjmp
                 siglongjmp() is C-specific: use die instead.
    
         sigpending
                 Examine signals that are blocked and pending.  This
                 uses POSIX::SigSet objects for the sigset argument.
                 Consult your system's sigpending manpage for
                 details.
    
                 Synopsis:
    
                         sigpending(sigset)
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         sigprocmask
                 Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask.
                 This uses POSIX::SigSet objects for the sigset and
                 oldsigset arguments.  Consult your system's
                 sigprocmask manpage for details.
    
                 Synopsis:
    
                         sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         sigsetjmp
                 sigsetjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead.
    
         sigsuspend
                 Install a signal mask and suspend process until
                 signal arrives.  This uses POSIX::SigSet objects for
                 the signal_mask argument.  Consult your system's
                 sigsuspend manpage for details.
    
                 Synopsis:
    
                         sigsuspend(signal_mask)
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         sin     This is identical to Perl's builtin sin() function.
    
         sinh    This is identical to the C function sinh().
    
         sleep   This is identical to Perl's builtin sleep()
                 function.
    
         sprintf This is identical to Perl's builtin sprintf()
                 function.
    
         sqrt    This is identical to Perl's builtin sqrt() function.
    
         srand   srand().
    
         sscanf  sscanf() is C-specific--use regular expressions
                 instead.
    
         stat    This is identical to Perl's builtin stat() function.
    
         strcat  strcat() is C-specific, use .= instead.
    
         strchr  strchr() is C-specific, use index() instead.
    
         strcmp  strcmp() is C-specific, use eq instead.
    
         strcoll This is identical to the C function strcoll().
    
         strcpy  strcpy() is C-specific, use = instead.
    
         strcspn strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions
                 instead.
    
         strerror
                 Returns the error string for the specified errno.
    
         strftime
                 Convert date and time information to string.
                 Returns the string.
    
                 Synopsis:
    
                         strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
    
                 The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday)
                 begin at zero.  I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is
                 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1.  The year (year)
                 is given in years since 1900.  I.e., the year 1995
                 is 95; the year 2001 is 101.  Consult your system's
                 strftime() manpage for details about these and the
                 other arguments.  The given arguments are made
                 consistent by calling mktime() before calling your
                 system's strftime() function.
                 The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
    
                         $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
                         print "$str\n";
    
    
         strlen  strlen() is C-specific, use length instead.
    
         strncat strncat() is C-specific, use .= instead.
    
         strncmp strncmp() is C-specific, use eq instead.
    
         strncpy strncpy() is C-specific, use = instead.
    
         stroul  stroul() is C-specific.
    
         strpbrk strpbrk() is C-specific.
    
         strrchr strrchr() is C-specific, use rindex() instead.
    
         strspn  strspn() is C-specific.
    
         strstr  This is identical to Perl's builtin index()
                 function.
    
         strtod  String to double translation. Returns the parsed
                 number and the number of characters in the unparsed
                 portion of the string.  Truly POSIX-compliant
                 systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
                 error, so clear $! before calling strtod.  However,
                 non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and
                 therefore will never set $!.
    
                 strtod should respect any POSIX setlocale()
                 settings.
    
                 To parse a string $str as a floating point number
                 use
    
                     $! = 0;
                     ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
    
                 The second returned item and $! can be used to check
                 for valid input:
    
                     if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
                         die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
                     }
    
                 When called in a scalar context strtod returns the
                 parsed number.
    
         strtok  strtok() is C-specific.
    
         strtol  String to (long) integer translation.  Returns the
                 parsed number and the number of characters in the
                 unparsed portion of the string.  Truly
                 POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate
                 a translation error, so clear $! before calling
                 strtol.  However, non-POSIX systems may not check
                 for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
    
                 strtol should respect any POSIX setlocale()
                 settings.
    
                 To parse a string $str as a number in some base
                 $base use
    
                     $! = 0;
                     ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
    
                 The base should be zero or between 2 and 36,
                 inclusive.  When the base is zero or omitted strtol
                 will use the string itself to determine the base: a
                 leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading
                 "0" means octal; any other leading characters mean
                 decimal.  Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal
                 number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" as
                 a hexadecimal number.
    
                 The second returned item and $! can be used to check
                 for valid input:
    
                     if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
                         die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
                     }
    
                 When called in a scalar context strtol returns the
                 parsed number.
    
         strtoul String to unsigned (long) integer translation.
                 strtoul is identical to strtol except that strtoul
                 only parses unsigned integers.  See strtol for
                 details.
    
                 Note: Some vendors supply strtod and strtol but not
                 strtoul.  Other vendors that do suply strtoul parse
                 "-1" as a valid value.
    
         strxfrm String transformation.  Returns the transformed
                 string.
    
                         $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
    
         sysconf Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
    
                 The following will get the machine's clock speed.
    
                         $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         system  This is identical to Perl's builtin system()
                 function.
    
         tan     This is identical to the C function tan().
    
         tanh    This is identical to the C function tanh().
    
         tcdrain This is similar to the C function tcdrain().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         tcflow  This is similar to the C function tcflow().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         tcflush This is similar to the C function tcflush().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         tcgetpgrp
                 This is identical to the C function tcgetpgrp().
    
         tcsendbreak
                 This is similar to the C function tcsendbreak().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         tcsetpgrp
                 This is similar to the C function tcsetpgrp().
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         time    This is identical to Perl's builtin time() function.
    
         times   The times() function returns elapsed realtime since
                 some point in the past (such as system startup),
                 user and system times for this process, and user and
                 system times used by child processes.  All times are
                 returned in clock ticks.
    
                     ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
    
                 Note: Perl's builtin times() function returns four
                 values, measured in seconds.
    
         tmpfile Use method IO::File::new_tmpfile() instead.
    
         tmpnam  Returns a name for a temporary file.
    
                         $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
    
    
         tolower This is identical to Perl's builtin lc() function.
    
         toupper This is identical to Perl's builtin uc() function.
    
         ttyname This is identical to the C function ttyname().
    
         tzname  Retrieves the time conversion information from the
                 tzname variable.
    
                         POSIX::tzset();
                         ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
    
    
         tzset   This is identical to the C function tzset().
    
         umask   This is identical to Perl's builtin umask()
                 function.
    
         uname   Get name of current operating system.
    
                         ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine ) = POSIX::uname();
    
    
         ungetc  Use method IO::Handle::ungetc() instead.
    
         unlink  This is identical to Perl's builtin unlink()
                 function.
    
         utime   This is identical to Perl's builtin utime()
                 function.
    
         vfprintf
                 vfprintf() is C-specific.
    
         vprintf vprintf() is C-specific.
    
         vsprintf
                 vsprintf() is C-specific.
    
         wait    This is identical to Perl's builtin wait() function.
    
         waitpid Wait for a child process to change state.  This is
                 identical to Perl's builtin waitpid() function.
    
    
                         $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, &POSIX::WNOHANG );
                         print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
    
    
         wcstombs
                 This is identical to the C function wcstombs().
    
         wctomb  This is identical to the C function wctomb().
    
         write   Write to a file.  This uses file descriptors such as
                 those obtained by calling POSIX::open.
    
                         $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
                         $buf = "hello";
                         $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
    
    

    CLASSES

         POSIX::SigAction
    
         new     Creates a new POSIX::SigAction object which
                 corresponds to the C struct sigaction.  This object
                 will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer
                 needed.  The first parameter is the fully-qualified
                 name of a sub which is a signal-handler.  The second
                 parameter is a POSIX::SigSet object, it defaults to
                 the empty set.  The third parameter contains the
                 sa_flags, it defaults to 0.
    
                         $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
                         $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
    
                 This POSIX::SigAction object should be used with the
                 POSIX::sigaction() function.
    
         POSIX::SigSet
    
         new     Create a new SigSet object.  This object will be
                 destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed.
                 Arguments may be supplied to initialize the set.
    
                 Create an empty set.
    
                         $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
    
                 Create a set with SIGUSR1.
    
                         $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
    
    
    
         addset  Add a signal to a SigSet object.
    
                         $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         delset  Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
    
                         $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         emptyset
                 Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
    
                         $sigset->emptyset();
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         fillset Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
    
                         $sigset->fillset();
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         ismember
                 Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a
                 specific signal.
    
                         if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
                                 print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
                         }
    
    
         POSIX::Termios
    
         new     Create a new Termios object.  This object will be
                 destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed.
                 A Termios object corresponds to the termios C
                 struct.  new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it
                 from a file descriptor, and setattr() sets a file
                 descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
    
                         $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
    
    
         getattr Get terminal control attributes.
    
                 Obtain the attributes for stdin.
    
                         $termios->getattr()
    
                 Obtain the attributes for stdout.
    
                         $termios->getattr( 1 )
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         getcc   Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios
                 object.  The c_cc field is an array so an index must
                 be specified.
    
                         $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
    
    
         getcflag
                 Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
    
    
         getiflag
                 Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
    
    
         getispeed
                 Retrieve the input baud rate.
    
                         $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
    
    
         getlflag
                 Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
    
    
         getoflag
                 Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
    
    
         getospeed
                 Retrieve the output baud rate.
    
                         $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
    
    
         setattr Set terminal control attributes.
    
                 Set attributes immediately for stdout.
                         $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         setcc   Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object.
                 The c_cc field is an array so an index must be
                 specified.
    
                         $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
    
    
         setcflag
                 Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
    
    
         setiflag
                 Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
    
    
         setispeed
                 Set the input baud rate.
    
                         $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         setlflag
                 Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
    
    
         setoflag
                 Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
    
                         $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
    
    
         setospeed
                 Set the output baud rate.
    
                         $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
    
                 Returns undef on failure.
    
         Baud rate values
                 B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200
                 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
    
         Terminal interface values
                 TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION
                 TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
    
         c_cc field values
                 VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART
                 VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
    
         c_cflag field values
                 CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL
                 PARENB PARODD
    
         c_iflag field values
                 BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP
                 IXOFF IXON PARMRK
    
         c_lflag field values
                 ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH
                 TOSTOP
    
         c_oflag field values
                 OPOST
    
    
    

    PATHNAME CONSTANTS

         Constants
                 _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON
                 _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX
                 _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
    
    
    

    POSIX CONSTANTS

         Constants
                 _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX
                 _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL
                 _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
                 _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC
                 _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
                 _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX
                 _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
    
    
    

    SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

         Constants
                 _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK
                 _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX
                 _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX
                 _SC_VERSION
    
    
    

    ERRNO

         Constants
                 E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT
                 EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED
                 ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ EDOM
                 EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH
                 EINPROGRESS EINTR EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP
                 EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG ENETDOWN
                 ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT
                 ENOEXEC ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS
                 ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY
                 ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE EPROCLIM
                 EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART
                 EROFS ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE
                 ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK
                 EXDEV
    
    
    

    FCNTL

         Constants
                 FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK
                 F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK
                 F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY
                 O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
    
    
    

    FLOAT

         Constants
                 DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX
                 DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP
                 DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX
                 FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP
                 FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG
                 LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP
                 LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
    
    
    

    LIMITS

         Constants
                 ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX
                 INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON
                 MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX
                 PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX
                 SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX
                 UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
    
    
    

    LOCALE

         Constants
                 LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC
                 LC_TIME
    
    
    

    MATH

         Constants
                 HUGE_VAL
    
    
    

    SIGNAL

         Constants
                 SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK
                 SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM
                 SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT SIGKILL
                 SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP
                 SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL
                 SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK SIG_UNBLOCK
    
    
    

    STAT

         Constants
                 S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU
                 S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP
                 S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
    
         Macros  S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
    
    
    

    STDLIB

         Constants
                 EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
    
    
    

    STDIO

         Constants
                 BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid
                 L_tmpname TMP_MAX
    
    
    

    TIME

         Constants
                 CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
    
    
    

    UNISTD

         Constants
                 R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO
                 STDOUT_FILENO STRERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
    
    
    

    WAIT

         Constants
                 WNOHANG WUNTRACED
    
         Macros  WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG
                 WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
    
    
    

    CREATION

         This document generated by ./mkposixman.PL version 19960129.
    
    
    
    


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