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exect (3)

>> exect (3) ( FreeBSD man: Библиотечные вызовы )

BSD mandoc

NAME



execl

 
execlp

 
execle

 
exect

 
execv

 
execvp

 
execvP

 - execute a file

LIBRARY

Lb libc

SYNOPSIS

#include <unistd.h>
Vt extern char **environ ; int execl (const char *path const char *arg ... /* (char *)0 */);
int execlp (const char *file const char *arg ... /* (char *)0 */);
int Fo execle Fa const char *path const char *arg ... Fa /* -words Fa (char *)0 char *const envp[] */ Fc Ft int exect (const char *path char *const argv[] char *const envp[]);
int execv (const char *path char *const argv[]);
int execvp (const char *file char *const argv[]);
int execvP (const char *file const char *search_path char *const argv[]);

DESCRIPTION

The exec family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for the function execve(2). (See the manual page for execve(2) for detailed information about the replacement of the current process.)

The initial argument for these functions is the pathname of a file which is to be executed.

The Fa const char *arg and subsequent ellipses in the execl (,);
execlp (,);
and execle ();
functions can be thought of as arg0 arg1 ..., argn Together they describe a list of one or more pointers to null-terminated strings that represent the argument list available to the executed program. The first argument, by convention, should point to the file name associated with the file being executed. The list of arguments must be terminated by a NULL pointer.

The exect (,);
execv (,);
execvp (,);
and execvP ();
functions provide an array of pointers to null-terminated strings that represent the argument list available to the new program. The first argument, by convention, should point to the file name associated with the file being executed. The array of pointers must be terminated by a NULL pointer.

The execle ();
and exect ();
functions also specify the environment of the executed process by following the NULL pointer that terminates the list of arguments in the argument list or the pointer to the argv array with an additional argument. This additional argument is an array of pointers to null-terminated strings and must be terminated by a NULL pointer. The other functions take the environment for the new process image from the external variable environ in the current process.

Some of these functions have special semantics.

The functions execlp (,);
execvp (,);
and execvP ();
will duplicate the actions of the shell in searching for an executable file if the specified file name does not contain a slash ``/ '' character. For execlp ();
and execvp (,);
search path is the path specified in the environment by ``PATH '' variable. If this variable is not specified, the default path is set according to the _PATH_DEFPATH definition in In paths.h , which is set to ``/usr/bin:/bin '' For execvP (,);
the search path is specified as an argument to the function. In addition, certain errors are treated specially.

If an error is ambiguous (for simplicity, we shall consider all errors except Er ENOEXEC as being ambiguous here, although only the critical error Er EACCES is really ambiguous), then these functions will act as if they stat the file to determine whether the file exists and has suitable execute permissions. If it does, they will return immediately with the global variable errno restored to the value set by execve (.);
Otherwise, the search will be continued. If the search completes without performing a successful execve ();
or terminating due to an error, these functions will return with the global variable errno set to Er EACCES or Er ENOENT according to whether at least one file with suitable execute permissions was found.

If the header of a file is not recognized (the attempted execve ();
returned Er ENOEXEC ) , these functions will execute the shell with the path of the file as its first argument. (If this attempt fails, no further searching is done.)

The function exect ();
executes a file with the program tracing facilities enabled (see ptrace(2)).

RETURN VALUES

If any of the exec ();
functions returns, an error will have occurred. The return value is -1, and the global variable errno will be set to indicate the error.

FILES

/bin/sh: The shell.

COMPATIBILITY

Historically, the default path for the execlp ();
and execvp ();
functions was ``:/bin:/usr/bin '' This was changed to place the current directory last to enhance system security.

The behavior of execlp ();
and execvp ();
when errors occur while attempting to execute the file is not quite historic practice, and has not traditionally been documented and is not specified by the POSIX standard.

Traditionally, the functions execlp ();
and execvp ();
ignored all errors except for the ones described above and Er ETXTBSY , upon which they retried after sleeping for several seconds, and Er ENOMEM and Er E2BIG , upon which they returned. They now return for Er ETXTBSY , and determine existence and executability more carefully. In particular, Er EACCES for inaccessible directories in the path prefix is no longer confused with Er EACCES for files with unsuitable execute permissions. In BSD 4.4 they returned upon all errors except Er EACCES , Er ENOENT , Er ENOEXEC and Er ETXTBSY . This was inferior to the traditional error handling, since it breaks the ignoring of errors for path prefixes and only improves the handling of the unusual ambiguous error Er EFAULT and the unusual error Er EIO . The behaviour was changed to match the behaviour of sh(1).

ERRORS

The execl (,);
execle (,);
execlp (,);
execvp ();
and execvP ();
functions may fail and set errno for any of the errors specified for the library functions execve(2) and malloc(3).

The exect ();
and execv ();
functions may fail and set errno for any of the errors specified for the library function execve(2).

STANDARDS

The execl (,);
execv (,);
execle (,);
execlp ();
and execvp ();
functions conform to St -p1003.1-88 . The execvP ();
function first appeared in Fx 5.2 .