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join (1)
join (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
>> join (1) ( FreeBSD man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
join (1) ( Русские man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
join (1) ( Linux man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
join (1) ( POSIX man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
BSD mandoc
NAME
join
- relational database operator
SYNOPSIS
[-a file_number | -v file_number
]
[-e string
]
[-o list
]
-words
[-t char
]
[-1 field
]
[-2 field
]
file1file2
DESCRIPTION
The
utility performs an
``equality join''
on the specified files
and writes the result to the standard output.
The
``join field''
is the field in each file by which the files are compared.
The first field in each line is used by default.
There is one line in the output for each pair of lines in
file1
and
file2
which have identical join fields.
Each output line consists of the join field, the remaining fields from
file1
and then the remaining fields from
file2
The default field separators are tab and space characters.
In this case, multiple tabs and spaces count as a single field separator,
and leading tabs and spaces are ignored.
The default output field separator is a single space character.
Many of the options use file and field numbers.
Both file numbers and field numbers are 1 based, i.e., the first file on
the command line is file number 1 and the first field is field number 1.
The following options are available:
-a file_number
In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable
line in file
file_number
-e string
Replace empty output fields with
string
-o list
The
-o
option specifies the fields that will be output from each file for
each line with matching join fields.
Each element of
list
has either the form
file_number . field
where
file_number
is a file number and
field
is a field number, or the form
`0'
(zero)
representing the join field.
The elements of list must be either comma
(`,'
)
or whitespace separated.
(The latter requires quoting to protect it from the shell, or, a simpler
approach is to use multiple
-o
options.)
-t char
Use character
char
as a field delimiter for both input and output.
Every occurrence of
char
in a line is significant.
-v file_number
Do not display the default output, but display a line for each unpairable
line in file
file_number
The options
-v 1
and
-v 2
may be specified at the same time.
-1 field
Join on the
field 'th
field of
file1
-2 field
Join on the
field 'th
field of
file2
When the default field delimiter characters are used, the files to be joined
should be ordered in the collating sequence of
sort(1),
using the
-b
option, on the fields on which they are to be joined, otherwise
may not report all field matches.
When the field delimiter characters are specified by the
-t
option, the collating sequence should be the same as
sort(1)
without the
-b
option.
If one of the arguments
file1
or
file2
is
`-
'
the standard input is used.
EXIT STATUS
Ex -std
COMPATIBILITY
For compatibility with historic versions of
,
the following options are available:
-a
In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable line
in both
file1
and
file2
-j1 field
Join on the
field 'th
field of
file1
-j2 field
Join on the
field 'th
field of
file2
-j field
Join on the
field 'th
field of both
file1
and
file2
-o list ...
Historical implementations of
permitted multiple arguments to the
-o
option.
These arguments were of the form
file_number . field_number
as described
for the current
-o
option.
This has obvious difficulties in the presence of files named
1.2
These options are available only so historic shell scripts do not require
modification and should not be used.
