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perltoc (1)
  • >> perltoc (1) ( Solaris man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
  • perltoc (1) ( Разные man: Команды и прикладные программы пользовательского уровня )
  • 
    
    

    NAME

         perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
    
    
    

    DESCRIPTION

         This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of
         the Perl documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned
         quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section
         you're looking for.
    
    
    

    BASIC DOCUMENTATION

         perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             modularity and reusability using innumerable modules,
             embeddable and extensible, roll-your-own magic variables
             (including multiple simultaneous DBM implementations),
             subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
             prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and
             anonymous functions, object-oriented programming,
             compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, support for
             light-weight processes (threads), support for
             internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical
             scoping, regular expression enhancements, enhanced
             debugger and interactive Perl environment, with
             integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant
             library
    
         AVAILABILITY
    
         ENVIRONMENT
    
         AUTHOR
    
         FILES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
    
         BUGS
    
         NOTES
    
         perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date:
         1999/05/23
    
         20:38:02 $)" 20:38:02 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
             perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1
             manpage: General Questions About Perl, What is Perl?,
             Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?,
             Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and
             perl5?, What is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl
             difficult to learn?, How does Perl compare with other
             languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
             I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?,
             What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it
             a Perl program or a Perl script?, What is a JAPH?, Where
             can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, How can I
             convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
             (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, the
             perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl,
             What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?, How can
             I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C
             compiler on my system.  How can I compile perl?, I
             copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
             scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
             compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/...
             failed.  How do I make it work?, What modules and
             extensions are available for Perl?  What is CPAN?  What
             does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI
             certified version of Perl?, Where can I get information
             on Perl?, What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET?  Where
             do I post questions?, Where should I post source code?,
             Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and
             WWW Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?,
             Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a
             commercial version of Perl?, Where do I send bug
             reports?, What is perl.com?, the perlfaq3 manpage:
             Programming Tools, How do I do (anything)?, How can I
             use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do
             I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
             programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?,
             Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is
             there a ctags for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl
             Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where can
             I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with
             Perl?, How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I
             generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is
             undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
             can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it
             unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can I
             free an array or hash so my program shrinks?, How can I
             make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
             source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl
             program into byte code or C?, How can I compile Perl
             into Java?, How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-
             DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the
             command line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my
             DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web
             programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about object-
             oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about
             linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read
             perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl inmy C
             program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
             script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's
             MakeMaker?, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, Why
             am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
             instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
             Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does
             Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and
             floor()?  Trig functions?, How do I convert bits into
             ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do
             I multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a
             series of integers?, How can I output Roman numerals?,
             Why aren't my random numbers random?, How do I find the
             week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the
             current century or millennium?, How can I compare two
             dates and find the difference?, How can I take a string
             and turn it into epoch seconds?, How can I find the
             Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl
             have a year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How
             do I validate input?, How do I unescape a string?, How
             do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, How do I
             expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
             matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a string?,
             How do I expand tabs in a string?, How do I reformat a
             paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
             of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of
             something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of
             a substring within a string?, How do I capitalize all
             the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
             delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-
             separated files), How do I strip blank space from the
             beginning/end of a string?, How do I pad a string with
             blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
             selected columns from a string?, How do I find the
             soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables
             in text strings?, What's wrong with always quoting
             "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE documents work?, What is
             the difference between a list and an array?, What is the
             difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I
             remove duplicate elements from a list or array?, How can
             I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
             element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays?
             How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?, How do
             I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I
             find the first array element for which a condition is
             true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle
             circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?,
             How do I process/modify each element of an array?, How
             do I select a random element from an array?, How do I
             permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by
             (anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?, Why
             does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?,
             How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add
             or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How
             do I look up a hash element by value?, How can I know
             how many entries are in a hash?, How do I sort a hash
             (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always
             keep my hash sorted?, What's the difference between
             "delete" and "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied
             hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How do I
             reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I
             get the unique keys from two hashes?, How can I store a
             multidimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I make my
             hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why
             does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash
             create it?, How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C
             structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?,
             How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
             handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine
             whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?, How
             do I keep persistent data across program calls?, How do
             I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do
             I define methods for every class/object?, How do I
             verify a credit card checksum?, How do I pack arrays of
             doubles or floats for XS code?, the perlfaq5 manpage:
             Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
             filehandle?  Why must I do this?, How do I change one
             line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in
             the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?,
             How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do I
             make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate
             fixed-record-length files?, How can I make a filehandle
             local to a subroutine?  How do I pass filehandles
             between subroutines?  How do I make an array of
             filehandles?, How can I use a filehandle indirectly?,
             How can I set up a footer format to be used with
             write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I
             output my numbers with commas added?, How can I
             translate tildes (~) in a filename?, How come when I
             open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do I
             sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
             <*>?, Is there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a
             file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?, How can I
             reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
             can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get
             locking.  I just want to increment the number in the
             file.  How can I do this?, How do I randomly update a
             binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
             How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print
             to more than one file at once?, How can I read in an
             entire file all at once?, How can I read in a file by
             paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
             file?  From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether
             there's a character waiting on a filehandle?, How do I
             do a `tail -f' in perl?, How do I dup() a filehandle in
             Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
             can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't
             `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all
             the files?, Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?
             Why does `-i' clobber protected files?  Isn't this a bug
             in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?,
             Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of
             lines?, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, How can I hope to
             use regular expressions without creating illegible and
             unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over
             more than one line. What's wrong?, How can I pull out
             lines between two patterns that are themselves on
             different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but
             it didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case
             insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the
             RHS?, How can I make `\w' match national character
             sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of
             `/[a-zA-Z]/'?, How can I quote a variable to use in a
             regex?, What is `/o' really for?, How do I use a regular
             expression to strip C style comments from a file?, Can I
             use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?,
             What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I
             get around it?, How do I process each word on each
             line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or line-
             frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?,
             How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at
             once?, Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work
             for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program
             down?, What good is `\G' in a regular expression?, Are
             Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?,
             What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?,
             How can I match strings with multibyte characters?, How
             do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?, the
             perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues, Can I
             get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?, What are all
             these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
             use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
             use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return
             values?, How do I temporarily block warnings?, What's an
             extension?, Why do Perl operators have different
             precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
             structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a
             class?, How can I tell if a variable is tainted?, What's
             a closure?, What is variable suicide and how can I
             prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function,
             FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I
             create a static variable?, What's the difference between
             dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?  Between local()
             and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a
             similarly named lexical is in scope?, What's the
             difference between deep and shallow binding?, Why
             doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I
             redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?,
             What's the difference between calling a function as &foo
             and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case statement?,
             How can I catch accesses to undefined
             variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method
             included in this same file be found?, How can I find out
             my current package?, How can I comment out a large block
             of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use
             a variable as a variable name?, the perlfaq8 manpage:
             System Interaction, How do I find out which operating
             system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
             return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the
             keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I print something out in
             color?, How do I read just one key without waiting for a
             return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on
             the keyboard?, How do I clear the screen?, How do I get
             the screen size?, How do I ask the user for a password?,
             How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
             decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a
             process in the background?, How do I trap control
             characters/signals?, How do I modify the shadow password
             file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
             How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How
             can I measure time under a second?, How can I do an
             atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling),
             Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V
             (Solaris)?  What does the error message "Protocol not
             supported" mean?, How can I call my system's unique C
             functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
             to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts
             complain about kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe
             both to and from a command?, Why can't I get the output
             of a command with system()?, How can I capture STDERR
             from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an
             error when a pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using
             backticks in a void context?, How can I call backticks
             without shell processing?, Why can't my script read from
             STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?,
             How can I convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use
             perl to run a telnet or ftp session?, How can I write
             expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's command
             line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory,
             modified my environment} in a perl script.     How come
             the change disappeared when I exited the script?  How do
             I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close a
             process's filehandle without waiting for it to
             complete?, How do I fork a daemon process?, How do I
             make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I find out
             if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a
             slow event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid
             zombies on a Unix system?, How do I use an SQL
             database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
             How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install
             a module from CPAN?, What's the difference between
             require and use?, How do I keep my own module/library
             directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives
             in to the module/library search path?, How do I add a
             directory to my include path at runtime?, What is
             socket.ph and where do I get it?, the perlfaq9 manpage:
             Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but
             not the browser. (500 Server Error), How can I get
             better error messages from a CGI program?, How do I
             remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
             do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I
             open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-up
             menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an HTML file?, How do I
             automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
             create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect
             to another page?, How do I put a password on my web
             pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files
             with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values
             into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?,
             How do I parse a mail header?, How do I decode a CGI
             form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, How do I
             decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's
             mail address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?,
             How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?,
             How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?,
             How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
             Perl?
    
             Where to get this document
    
             How to contribute to this document
    
            to the authors
             What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems
    
         Credits
    
         Author and Copyright Information
    
             Bundled Distributions
    
             Disclaimer
    
         Changes
             23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
             24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97,
             17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
    
         perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $,
         $Date:
    
         1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)" 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             What is Perl?
    
             Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?
    
             Which version of Perl should I use?
    
             What are perl4 and perl5?
    
             What is perl6?
    
             How stable is Perl?
    
             Is Perl difficult to learn?
    
            REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
             How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python,
    
             Can I do [task] in Perl?
    
             When shouldn't I program in Perl?
    
             What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
    
             Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
    
             What is a JAPH?
    
             Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
    
            version (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
             How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision:
         1.32 $,
    
         $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)" $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09
         $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?
    
    
             How can I get a binary version of Perl?
    
            perl?
             I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How can I compile
    
            scripts don't work.
             I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
    
            loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it work?
             I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
    
            CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
             What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What is
    
             Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
    
             Where can I get information on Perl?
    
            questions?
             What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet?  Where do I post
    
             Where should I post source code?
    
             Perl Books
                 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
    
             Perl in Magazines
    
             Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
    
             What mailing lists are there for Perl?
    
             Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
    
             Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
    
             Where do I send bug reports?
    
             What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
         1999/05/23
    
         16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             How do I do (anything)?
    
    
             How can I use Perl interactively?
    
             Is there a Perl shell?
    
             How do I debug my Perl programs?
    
             How do I profile my Perl programs?
    
             How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
    
             Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
    
             Is there a ctags for Perl?
    
             Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
    
             Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
    
             Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
    
             How can I use curses with Perl?
    
             How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
    
             How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
    
             What is undump?
    
             How can I make my Perl program run faster?
    
             How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
    
             Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
    
             How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
    
             How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
    
             How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
    
             How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
    
             How can I compile Perl into Java?
    
             How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
    
             Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
    
             Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
    
             Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
    
             Where can I learn about object-
                 oriented Perl programming?
    
             Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
    
            in my C program, what am I doing wrong?
             I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl
    
            it mean?
             When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does
    
             What's MakeMaker?
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date:
         1999/05/23
    
         20:37:49 $)" 20:37:49 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Data: Numbers
    
            of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
             Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead
    
             Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
    
            floor()? Trig functions?
             Does Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and
    
             How do I convert bits into ints?
    
             Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
    
             How do I multiply matrices?
    
             How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
    
             How can I output Roman numerals?
    
             Why aren't my random numbers random?
    
         Data: Dates
    
             How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
    
             How do I find the current century or millennium?
    
             How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
    
             How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
    
             How can I find the Julian Day?
    
             How do I find yesterday's date?
    
             Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?
    
         Data: Strings
    
             How do I validate input?
    
             How do I unescape a string?
    
             How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
    
             How do I expand function calls in a string?
    
             How do I find matching/nesting anything?
    
             How do I reverse a string?
    
             How do I expand tabs in a string?
    
             How do I reformat a paragraph?
    
             How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
    
             How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
    
            within a string?
             How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring
    
             How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
    
            inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
             How can I split a [character] delimited string except when
    
            string?
             How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a
    
            zeroes?
             How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
    
             How do I extract selected columns from a string?
    
             How do I find the soundex value of a string?
    
             How can I expand variables in text strings?
    
             What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
    
             Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
                 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2.
                 There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end,
                 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the
                 tag
    
         Data: Arrays
    
             What is the difference between a list and an array?
    
             What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
    
             How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
                 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be
                 sorted:(this assumes all true values in the array),
                 b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
                 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way
                 to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d),
                 but @in contains only small positive integers:
    
            element?
             How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
    
            compute the intersection of two arrays?
             How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I
    
             How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
    
            is true?
             How do I find the first array element for which a condition
    
             How do I handle linked lists?
    
             How do I handle circular lists?
    
             How do I shuffle an array randomly?
    
             How do I process/modify each element of an array?
    
             How do I select a random element from an array?
    
             How do I permute N elements of a list?
    
             How do I sort an array by (anything)?
    
             How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
    
             Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
    
         Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
    
    
             How do I process an entire hash?
    
            iterating over it?
             What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
    
             How do I look up a hash element by value?
    
             How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
    
             How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
    
             How can I always keep my hash sorted?
    
            hashes?
             What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with
    
             Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
    
             How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
    
             How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
    
             How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
    
            it?
             How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into
    
            create it?
             Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash
    
            class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
             How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++
    
             How can I use a reference as a hash key?
    
         Data: Misc
    
             How do I handle binary data correctly?
    
            number/whole/integer/float?
             How do I determine whether a scalar is a
    
             How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
    
             How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
    
             How do I define methods for every class/object?
    
             How do I verify a credit card checksum?
    
             How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
         1999/05/23
    
         16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
            this?
             How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I do
    
            file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
            beginning of a file?
             How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a
    
             How do I count the number of lines in a file?
    
             How do I make a temporary file name?
    
             How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
    
            pass filehandles between subroutines?  How do I make an array
            of filehandles?
             How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do I
    
             How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
    
             How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
    
             How can I write() into a string?
    
             How can I output my numbers with commas added?
    
             How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
    
             How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
    
            <*>?
             Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
    
             Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
    
             How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
    
             How can I reliably rename a file?
    
             How can I lock a file?
    
             Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
    
    
            number in the file.  How can I do this?
             I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the
    
             How do I randomly update a binary file?
    
             How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
    
             How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
    
             How do I print to more than one file at once?
    
             How can I read in an entire file all at once?
    
             How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
    
            keyboard?
             How can I read a single character from a file?  From the
    
            filehandle?
             How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a
    
             How do I do a `tail -f' in perl?
    
             How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
    
             How do I close a file descriptor by number?
    
            `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
             Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't
    
             Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
    
            clobber protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?
             Why does Perl let me delete read-
                 only files?  Why does `-i'
    
             How do I select a random line from a file?
    
             Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
         16:08:30 $)
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
            illegible and unmaintainable code?
             How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating
                 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the
                 Regex, Different Delimiters
    
            wrong?
             I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.  What's
    
            themselves on different lines?
             How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
    
            wrong?
             I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's
    
            preserving case on the RHS?
             How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but
    
             How can I make `\w' match national character sets?
    
             How can I match a locale-smart version of `/[a-zA-Z]/'?
    
             How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
    
             What is `/o' really for?
    
            from a file?
             How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments
    
             Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
    
            around it?
             What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I get
    
             How do I process each word on each line?
    
            summary?
             How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency
    
             How can I do approximate matching?
    
             How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
    
             Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work for me?
    
             Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
    
             What good is `\G' in a regular expression?
    
             Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?
    
             What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
    
             How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
    
             How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
    
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
    
         1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)" 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
    
            when to use them?
             What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know
    
            and commas?
             Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons
    
             How do I skip some return values?
    
             How do I temporarily block warnings?
    
             What's an extension?
    
            operators?
             Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C
    
             How do I declare/create a structure?
    
             How do I create a module?
    
             How do I create a class?
    
             How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
    
             What's a closure?
    
             What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
    
            Method, Regex}?
             How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash,
                 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing
                 Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
    
             How do I create a static variable?
    
            scoping? Between local() and my()?
             What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static)
    
            lexical is in scope?
             How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named
    
             What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
    
             Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
    
             How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
    
            foo()?
             What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and
    
             How do I create a switch or case statement?
    
            variables/functions/methods?
             How can I catch accesses to undefined
    
             Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
    
             How can I find out my current package?
    
             How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
    
             How do I clear a package?
    
             How can I use a variable as a variable name?
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date:
         1999/05/23
    
         18:37:57 $)" 18:37:57 $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
    
             How come exec() doesn't return?
    
             How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
                 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
    
             How do I print something out in color?
    
             How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
    
             How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
    
             How do I clear the screen?
    
             How do I get the screen size?
    
             How do I ask the user for a password?
    
             How do I read and write the serial port?
                 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output,
                 non-blocking input
    
             How do I decode encrypted password files?
    
             How do I start a process in the background?
                 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals,
                 Zombies
    
             How do I trap control characters/signals?
    
             How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
    
             How do I set the time and date?
    
             How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
    
             How can I measure time under a second?
    
            handling)
             How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
    
            What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
             Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
    
             How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
    
             Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
    
             Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
    
             How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
    
             Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
    
             How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
    
             Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
    
             What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
    
             How can I call backticks without shell processing?
    
            on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
             Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D
    
             How can I convert my shell script to perl?
    
             Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
    
             How can I write expect in Perl?
    
    
            as "ps"?
             Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such
    
            script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the
            script?  How do I get my changes to be visible?
             I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl
                 Unix
    
            to complete?
             How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it
    
             How do I fork a daemon process?
    
             How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
    
             How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
    
             How do I timeout a slow event?
    
             How do I set CPU limits?
    
             How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
    
             How do I use an SQL database?
    
             How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
    
             How do I open a file without blocking?
    
             How do I install a module from CPAN?
    
             What's the difference between require and use?
    
             How do I keep my own module/library directory?
    
            module/library search path?
             How do I add the directory my program lives in to the
    
             How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
    
             What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
         16:08:30
    
         $)" $)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
            (500 Server Error)
             My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.
    
             How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
    
             How do I remove HTML from a string?
    
             How do I extract URLs?
    
            open a file on another machine?
             How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I
    
             How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
    
             How do I fetch an HTML file?
    
             How do I automate an HTML form submission?
    
             How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
    
             How do I redirect to another page?
    
             How do I put a password on my web pages?
    
             How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
    
            cause my CGI script to do bad things?
             How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that
    
             How do I parse a mail header?
    
             How do I decode a CGI form?
    
             How do I check a valid mail address?
    
             How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
    
             How do I return the user's mail address?
    
             How do I send mail?
    
             How do I read mail?
    
             How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
    
             How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
    
             How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
    
             How can I do RPC in Perl?
    
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Core Enhancements
    
             Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
    
             Lexically scoped warning categories
    
             Unicode and UTF-8 support
    
             Support for interpolating named characters
    
             "our" declarations
    
             Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
    
             Improved Perl version numbering system
    
             New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
    
             File and directory handles can be autovivified
    
             open() with more than two arguments
    
             64-bit support
    
             Large file support
    
             Long doubles
    
             "more bits"
    
             Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
    
             `sort $coderef @foo' allowed
    
             File globbing implemented internally
                 Support for CHECK blocks
    
             POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
                 Better pseudo-random number generator
    
             Improved `qw//' operator
                 Better worst-case behavior of hashes
    
             pack() format 'Z' supported
    
    
             pack() format modifier '!' supported
    
             pack() and unpack() support counted strings
    
             Comments in pack() templates
    
             Weak references
    
             Binary numbers supported
    
             Lvalue subroutines
    
             Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
    
             Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
    
             exists() is supported on subroutine names
    
             exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
    
             Pseudo-hashes work better
    
             Automatic flushing of output buffers
    
             Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
    
            filehandle
             Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input
    
             eof() has the same old magic as <>
    
             binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
    
             `-T' filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
    
             system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
    
             Improved diagnostics
    
             Diagnostics follow STDERR
                 More consistent close-on-exec behavior
    
             syswrite() ease-of-use
    
             Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
    
             Bit operators support full native integer width
    
             Improved security features
                 More functional bareword prototype (*)
    
    
             `require' and `do' may be overridden
    
             $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
    
             New variable $^C reflects `-c' switch
    
             New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
    
             Optional Y2K warnings
    
         Modules and Pragmata
    
             Modules
                 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant,
                 charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf,
                 Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env,
                 Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob,
                 File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO,
                 JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
                 Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
                 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select,
                 podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and
                 Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
                 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM
                 Filters
    
             Pragmata
    
         Utility Changes
    
             dprofpp
    
             find2perl
    
             h2xs
    
             perlcc
    
             perldoc
    
             The Perl Debugger
    
         Improved Documentation
             perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod,
             perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod,
             perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
             perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod,
             perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod,
             perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
    
         Performance enhancements
    
             Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
    
             Optimized assignments to lexical variables
    
             Faster subroutine calls
                 delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are
                 faster
    
         Installation and Configuration Improvements
    
             -Dusethreads means something different
    
             New Configure flags
    
             Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
    
             Long Doubles
    
             -Dusemorebits
    
             -Duselargefiles
    
             installusrbinperl
    
             SOCKS support
    
             `-A' flag
    
             Enhanced Installation Directories
    
         Platform specific changes
    
             Supported platforms
    
             DOS
    
             OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
    
             VMS
    
             Win32
    
         Significant bug fixes
    
             <HANDLE> on empty files
    
             `eval '...'' improvements
    
             All compilation errors are true errors
    
             Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
    
             Behavior of list slices is more consistent
    
             `(\$)' prototype and `$foo{a}'
    
             `goto &sub' and AUTOLOAD
    
             `-bareword' allowed under `use integer'
    
             Failures in DESTROY()
    
             Locale bugs fixed
    
             Memory leaks
    
             Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
    
             Taint failures under `-U'
    
             END blocks and the `-c' switch
    
             Potential to leak DATA filehandles
    
         New or Changed Diagnostics
             "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s,
             "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s
             redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot
             take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be
             followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type,
             /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/:
             Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed
             through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s()
             called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not
             a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or
             ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine
             name, %s package attribute may clash with future
             reserved word:  %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be
             quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution
             pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in
             conditional, Binary number >
             0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit
             vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
             prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script
             "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
             Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD,
             forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine
             call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
             skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine,
             Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:]
             unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
             character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
             constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
             defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is
             deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you
             mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no
             data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s"
             in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
             on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
             explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
             non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-
             formed message in prime_env_iter:  |%s|, Illegal binary
             digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
             number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
             Invalid %s attribute:  %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s,
             invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
             character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator
             character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving
             effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not
             implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
             %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
             Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No
             package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space
             allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming
             local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-
             portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno
             read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
             around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs"
             is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature
             end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
             Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed
             memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't
             take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression,
             switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl
             can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't
             set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s
             block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent
             message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
             passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in
             attribute list, Unterminated attribute list,
             Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute
             list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
             CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a
             constant number
    
         New tests
    
         Incompatible Changes
    
             Perl Source Incompatibilities
                 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of
                 undef has changed
    
             Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different
                 Literals of the form `1.2.3' parse differently,
                 Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator,
                 Hashing function for hash keys has changed, `undef'
                 fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be
                 set on pipe and socket handles, Writing `"$$1"' to
                 mean `"${$}1"' is unsupported, delete(), values()
                 and `\(%h)' operate on aliases to values, not
                 copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two
                 BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
                 `%@' has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves
                 like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
                 prototype `(*)' have changed
    
            platforms
             Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit
    
             More builtins taint their results
    
             C Source Incompatibilities
                 `PERL_POLLUTE', `PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT',
                 `PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC'
    
             Compatible C Source API Changes
                 `PATCHLEVEL' is now `PERL_VERSION'
    
             Binary Incompatibilities
    
         Known Problems
    
             Thread test failures
    
             EBCDIC platforms not supported
    
             In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
    
             NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
    
            with gcc
             Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure
    
             UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
    
             Arrow operator and arrays
    
             Windows 2000
    
             Experimental features
                 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue
                 subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data
                 type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of
                 file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression
                 constructs `(?{ code })' and `(??{ code })'
    
    
         Obsolete Diagnostics
             Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
             extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
             prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s,
             regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>"
             is deprecated
    
         Reporting Bugs
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         HISTORY
    
         perldata - Perl data types
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Variable names
    
             Context
    
             Scalar values
    
             Scalar value constructors
    
             List value constructors
    
             Slices
    
             Typeglobs and Filehandles
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlsyn - Perl syntax
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Declarations
    
             Simple statements
    
             Compound statements
    
             Loop Control
    
             For Loops
    
             Foreach Loops
    
             Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
    
    
             Goto
    
             PODs: Embedded Documentation
    
             Plain Old Comments (Not!)
    
         perlop - Perl operators and precedence
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
    
             The Arrow Operator
    
             Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
    
             Exponentiation
    
             Symbolic Unary Operators
    
             Binding Operators
    
             Multiplicative Operators
    
             Additive Operators
    
             Shift Operators
    
             Named Unary Operators
    
             Relational Operators
    
             Equality Operators
    
             Bitwise And
    
             Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
    
             C-style Logical And
    
             C-style Logical Or
    
             Range Operators
    
             Conditional Operator
    
             Assignment Operators
    
             Comma Operator
    
             List Operators (Rightward)
    
             Logical Not
    
             Logical And
    
             Logical or and Exclusive Or
    
             C Operators Missing From Perl
                 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
    
             Quote and Quote-like Operators
    
             Regexp Quote-Like Operators
                 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx,
                 q/STRING/, `'STRING'', qq/STRING/, "STRING",
                 qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
                 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
                 tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC,
                 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC
    
             Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
                 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before
                 delimiters, Interpolation, `<<'EOF'', `m''', `s'''',
                 `tr///', `y///', `''', `q//', `""', ```', `qq//',
                 `qx//', `<file*glob>', `?RE?', `/RE/', `m/RE/',
                 `s/RE/foo/',, Interpolation of regular expressions,
                 Optimization of regular expressions
    
             I/O Operators
    
             Constant Folding
    
             Bitwise String Operators
    
             Integer Arithmetic
    
             Floating-point Arithmetic
    
             Bigger Numbers
    
         perlre - Perl regular expressions
    
         DESCRIPTION
             i, m, s, x
    
             Regular Expressions
                 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
    
             Extended Patterns
                 `(?#text)', `(?imsx-imsx)', `(?:pattern)',
                 `(?imsx-imsx:pattern)', `(?=pattern)',
                 `(?!pattern)', `(?<=pattern)', `(?<!pattern)', `(?{
                 code })', `(??{ code })', `(?>pattern)',
                 `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)',
                 `(?(condition)yes-pattern)'
    
             Backtracking
    
             Version 8 Regular Expressions
    
             Warning on \1 vs $1
    
             Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
    
             Combining pieces together
                 `ST', `S|T', `S{REPEAT_COUNT}', `S{min,max}',
                 `S{min,max}?', `S?', `S*', `S+', `S??', `S*?',
                 `S+?', `(?>S)', `(?=S)', `(?<=S)', `(?!S)',
                 `(?<!S)', `(??{ EXPR })',
                 `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)'
    
             Creating custom RE engines
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
                 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
    
             Location of Perl
    
             Command Switches
                 -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo, -Dletters,
                 -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h,
                 -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module,
                 -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-
                 ]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u,
                 -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory
    
         ENVIRONMENT
             HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB,
             PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
             PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
    
    
    
         perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Perl Functions by Category
                 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular
                 expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions,
                 Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
                 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output
                 functions, Functions for fixed length data or
                 records, Functions for filehandles, files, or
                 directories, Keywords related to the control flow of
                 your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
                 Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and
                 process groups, Keywords related to perl modules,
                 Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness,
                 Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
                 communication functions, Fetching user and group
                 info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions,
                 Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
    
             Portability
    
             Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
                 -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
                 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2
                 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE,
                 DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
                 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod
                 LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop
                 VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
                 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE,
                 close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME,
                 continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
                 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined
                 EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
                 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each
                 HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
                 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR,
                 exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
                 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
                 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
                 PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
                 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
                 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
                 gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
                 getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
                 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
                 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
                 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
                 getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
                 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
                 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
                 STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
                 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
                 getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
                 glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
                 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex
                 EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
                 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
                 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys
                 HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR,
                 lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
                 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local
                 EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat
                 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
                 map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME,
                 msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
                 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my
                 EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no
                 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
                 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
                 FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord,
                 our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package
                 NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY,
                 pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print
                 LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf
                 FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
                 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/,
                 qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
                 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
                 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE,
                 readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe
                 EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL,
                 redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require
                 VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
                 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
                 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex
                 STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
                 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
                 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select
                 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
                 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
                 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp
                 PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt
                 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift,
                 shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
                 ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
                 shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
                 sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
                 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
                 sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
                 splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
                 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice
                 ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
                 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
                 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand,
                 stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
                 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
                 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
                 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink
                 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
                 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
                 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
                 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread
                 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
                 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system
                 PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
                 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
                 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite
                 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir
                 DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
                 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
                 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR,
                 uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
                 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
                 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST,
                 use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use
                 Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
                 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
                 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE,
                 write EXPR, write, y///
    
         perlvar - Perl predefined variables
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Predefined Names
                 $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
                 $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+,
                 $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
                 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
                 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
                 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE
                 EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator
                 HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
                 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
                 $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR,
                 $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
                 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER,
                 $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
                 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE
                 EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, `$`' is the same
                 as `substr($var, 0, $-[0]'), `$&' is the same as
                 `substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]'), `$'' is the
                 same as `substr($var, $+[0]'), `$1' is the same as
                 `substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])', `$2' is the
                 same as `substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])', `$3'
                 is the same as `substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]'),
                 format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
                 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
                 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR,
                 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed
                 HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR,
                 $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!,
                 $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
                 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
                 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID,
                 $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME,
                 $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
                 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I,
                 $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
                 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
                 $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
                 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T,
                 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
                 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV,
                 @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
                 $SIG{expr}
    
             Error Indicators
    
             Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
    
         BUGS
    
         perlsub - Perl subroutines
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Private Variables via my()
    
             Persistent Private Variables
    
             Temporary Values via local()
    
             Lvalue subroutines
    
             Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
    
             When to Still Use local()
                 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary
                 value, especially $_, 2.  You need to create a local
                 file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
                 You want to temporarily change just one element of
                 an array or hash
    
             Pass by Reference
    
             Prototypes
    
             Constant Functions
    
             Overriding Built-in Functions
    
             Autoloading
    
             Subroutine Attributes
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Packages
    
             Symbol Tables
    
             Package Constructors and Destructors
    
             Perl Classes
    
             Perl Modules
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding
         existing ones
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
    
             Pragmatic Modules
                 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller,
                 charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest,
                 integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re,
                 sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
    
             Standard Modules
                 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
                 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
                 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
                 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref,
                 Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
                 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
                 CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
                 Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB,
                 DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek,
                 Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
                 DynaLoader, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
                 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed,
                 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
                 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
                 ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
                 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
                 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
                 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
                 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
                 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
                 File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
                 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
                 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
                 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::stat,
                 FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
                 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO,
                 IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll,
                 IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket,
                 IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg,
                 IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SysV,
                 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
                 Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
                 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX,
                 Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
                 Pod::Man, Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
                 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
                 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
                 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
                 Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
                 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
                 Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
                 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
                 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
                 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
                 User::pwent
    
             Extension Modules
    
         CPAN
             Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development
             Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device
             Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data
             Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User
             Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other
             Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File
             Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing,
             Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching,
             Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File
             Processing, Internationalization and Locale,
             Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide
             Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
             Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap
             Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet
             News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions
             etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
             Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia,
             Central America, Europe, North America, South America
    
         Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
    
             Guidelines for Module Creation
                 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try
                 to design the new module to be easy to extend and
                 reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to
                 export, Select a name for the module, Have you got
                 it right?, README and other Additional Files, A
                 description of the module/package/extension etc, A
                 copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what
                 else you may need to have, How to build it -
                 possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install
                 it, Recent changes in this release, especially
                 incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan
                 to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice,
                 Give the module a version/issue/release number, How
                 to release and distribute a module, Take care when
                 changing a released module
    
             Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
                 There is no requirement to convert anything,
                 Consider the implications, Make the most of the
                 opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
                 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts
                 package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...)
                 to croak(...), Several other minor changes
    
             Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
                 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl
                 Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl
                 code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable
                 code into one or more separate module files, Take
                 the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the
                 interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then
                 be reduced to a small
    
         NOTE
    
         perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             PREAMBLE
                 DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a
                 directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),
                 INSTALL the module
    
         HEY
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-
                 processes
                 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other
                 builtins that accept filenames, wait() and
                 waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
                 files, directories and network sockets
    
             Resource limits
    
             Killing the parent process
    
             Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
    
             CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
                 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open()
                 not yet implemented, Global state maintained by
                 XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application,
                 Thread-safety of extensions
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlform - Perl formats
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Format Variables
    
         NOTES
    
             Footers
    
             Accessing Formatting Internals
    
         WARNINGS
    
         perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
    
         localization)" localization)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
    
         USING LOCALES
    
             The use locale pragma
    
             The setlocale function
    
             Finding locales
    
             LOCALE PROBLEMS
    
             Temporarily fixing locale problems
    
             Permanently fixing locale problems
    
             Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
    
             Fixing system locale configuration
    
             The localeconv function
    
         LOCALE CATEGORIES
    
             Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
    
             Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
    
             Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
    
             Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
    
             LC_TIME
    
             Other categories
    
         SECURITY
             Comparison operators (`lt', `le', `ge', `gt' and
             `cmp'):, Case-mapping interpolation (with `\l', `\L',
             `\u' or `\U'), Matching operator (`m//'):, Substitution
             operator (`s///'):, Output formatting functions
             (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions (lc(),
             lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent
             functions (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(),
             strxfrm()):, POSIX character class tests (isalnum(),
             isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
             ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
    
         ENVIRONMENT
             PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE,
             LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
    
         NOTES
    
             Backward compatibility
    
             I18N:Collate obsolete
    
             Sort speed and memory use impacts
    
             write() and LC_NUMERIC
    
             Freely available locale definitions
    
             I18n and l10n
    
             An imperfect standard
    
         BUGS
    
             Broken systems
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         HISTORY
    
         perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
    
         NOTE
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Making References
    
             Using References
    
             Symbolic references
    
             Not-so-symbolic references
    
             Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
    
             Function Templates
    
         WARNING
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
    
         The Solution
    
         Syntax
    
             Making References
    
             Using References
    
         An Example
    
         Arrow Rule
    
         Solution
    
         The Rest
    
         Summary
    
         Credits
    
             Distribution Conditions
    
         perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
    
         DESCRIPTION
             arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes,
             hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs
    
         REFERENCES
    
         COMMON MISTAKES
    
         CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
    
         WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS `use strict'
    
         DEBUGGING
    
         CODE EXAMPLES
    
         ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
    
             Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
    
             Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
    
             Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
    
         HASHES OF ARRAYS
    
             Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
    
             Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
    
             Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
    
         ARRAYS OF HASHES
    
             Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
    
             Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
    
             Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
    
         HASHES OF HASHES
    
             Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
    
             Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
    
             Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
    
         MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
    
             Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
    
             Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
    
             Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
    
         Database Ties
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
    
         Growing Your Own
    
         Access and Printing
    
         Slices
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             If we could talk to the animals...
    
             Introducing the method invocation arrow
    
             Invoking a barnyard
    
             The extra parameter of method invocation
    
             Calling a second method to simplify things
    
             Inheriting the windpipes
    
             A few notes about @ISA
    
             Overriding the methods
    
             Starting the search from a different place
    
             The SUPER way of doing things
    
             Where we're at so far...
    
             A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
    
             Invoking an instance method
    
             Accessing the instance data
    
             How to build a horse
    
             Inheriting the constructor
    
             Making a method work with either classes or instances
    
             Adding parameters to a method
    
             More interesting instances
    
             A horse of a different color
    
             Summary
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Creating a Class
    
             Object Representation
    
             Class Interface
    
             Constructors and Instance Methods
    
             Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
    
             Destructors
    
             Other Object Methods
    
         Class Data
    
             Accessing Class Data
    
             Debugging Methods
    
             Class Destructors
    
             Documenting the Interface
    
         Aggregation
    
         Inheritance
    
             Overridden Methods
    
             Multiple Inheritance
    
             UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
    
         Alternate Object Representations
    
             Arrays as Objects
    
             Closures as Objects
    
         AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
    
             Autoloaded Data Methods
    
             Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
    
         Metaclassical Tools
    
             Class::Struct
    
             Data Members as Variables
    
             NOTES
    
             Object Terminology
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
             Acknowledgments
    
         perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Class Data as Package Variables
    
             Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
    
             Inheritance Concerns
    
             The Eponymous Meta-Object
    
             Indirect References to Class Data
    
             Monadic Classes
    
             Translucent Attributes
    
         Class Data as Lexical Variables
    
             Privacy and Responsibility
    
             File-Scoped Lexicals
    
             More Inheritance Concerns
    
             Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
    
             Translucency Revisited
    
         NOTES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
    
         ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    
         HISTORY
    
         perlobj - Perl objects
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             An Object is Simply a Reference
    
             A Class is Simply a Package
    
             A Method is Simply a Subroutine
    
             Method Invocation
    
             WARNING
    
             Default UNIVERSAL methods
                 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
    
             Destructors
    
             Summary
    
             Two-Phased Garbage Collection
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Tying Scalars
                 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
                 value, DESTROY this
    
             Tying Arrays
                 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE
                 this, index, value, DESTROY this
    
             Tying Hashes
                 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST,
                 FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE
                 this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
                 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
    
             Tying FileHandles
                 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT
                 this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST,
                 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
    
             The `untie' Gotcha
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OO SCALING TIPS
    
         INSTANCE VARIABLES
    
         SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
    
         INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
    
         OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
    
         OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
    
         USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
    
         THINKING OF CODE REUSE
    
         CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
    
         INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
    
         DELEGATION
    
         perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
         pipes,
    
         safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)" safe
         subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Signals
    
         Named Pipes
    
    
             WARNING
    
         Using open() for IPC
    
             Filehandles
    
             Background Processes
    
             Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
    
             Safe Pipe Opens
    
             Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
    
             Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
    
         Sockets: Client/Server Communication
    
             Internet Line Terminators
    
             Internet TCP Clients and Servers
    
             Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
    
         TCP Clients with IO::Socket
    
             A Simple Client
                 `Proto', `PeerAddr', `PeerPort'
    
             A Webget Client
    
             Interactive Client with IO::Socket
    
         TCP Servers with IO::Socket
             Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
    
         UDP: Message Passing
    
         SysV IPC
    
         NOTES
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
    
    
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
             filter_fetch_value
    
             The Filter
    
             An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
    
             Another Example -- Key is a C int.
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         perldebug - Perl debugging
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         The Perl Debugger
    
             Debugger Commands
                 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
                 [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
                 [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
                 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/,
                 ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line]
                 [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone
                 subname [condition], b load filename, b compile
                 subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A,
                 W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
                 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, >
                 ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
                 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!  cmd, H
                 -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
                 expr, man [manpage]
    
             Configurable Options
                 `recallCommand', `ShellBang', `pager', `tkRunning',
                 `signalLevel', `warnLevel', `dieLevel', `AutoTrace',
                 `LineInfo', `inhibit_exit', `PrintRet', `ornaments',
                 `frame', `maxTraceLen', `arrayDepth', `hashDepth',
                 `compactDump', `veryCompact', `globPrint',
                 `DumpDBFiles', `DumpPackages', `DumpReused',
                 `quote', `HighBit', `undefPrint', `UsageOnly',
                 `TTY', `noTTY', `ReadLine', `NonStop'
    
             Debugger input/output
                 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line
                 Listing Format, Frame listing
    
             Debugging compile-time statements
    
             Debugger Customization
    
             Readline Support
    
             Editor Support for Debugging
    
             The Perl Profiler
    
         Debugging regular expressions
    
         Debugging memory usage
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         BUGS
    
         perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in
         Perl
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Storing numbers
    
         Numeric operators and numeric conversions
    
         Flavors of Perl numeric operations
             Arithmetic operators except, `no integer', Arithmetic
             operators except, `use integer', Bitwise operators, `no
             integer', Bitwise operators, `use integer', Operators
             which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Debugger Internals
    
             Writing Your Own Debugger
    
         Frame Listing Output Examples
    
         Debugging regular expressions
    
    
             Compile-time output
                 `anchored' STRING `at' POS, `floating' STRING `at'
                 POS1..POS2, `matching floating/anchored', `minlen',
                 `stclass' TYPE, `noscan', `isall', `GPOS', `plus',
                 `implicit', `with eval', `anchored(TYPE)'
    
             Types of nodes
    
             Run-time output
    
         Debugging Perl memory usage
    
             Using `$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}'
                 `buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)',
                 Free/Used, `Total sbrk():  SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS',
                 `pad: 0', `heads: 2192', `chain: 0', `tail:  6144'
    
             Example of using -DL switch
                 `717', `002', `054', `602', `702', `704'
    
             -DL details
                 `!!!', `!!', `!'
    
             Limitations of -DL statistics
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         perlsec - Perl security
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
    
             Switches On the "#!" Line
    
             Cleaning Up Your Path
    
             Security Bugs
    
             Protecting Your Programs
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
             Awk Traps
    
             C Traps
    
             Sed Traps
    
             Shell Traps
    
             Perl Traps
    
             Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
                 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps,
                 Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type
                 traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
                 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
                 using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps,
                 OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
    
             Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
                 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance,
                 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
                 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
                 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
    
             Parsing Traps
                 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
    
             Numerical Traps
                 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
    
             General data type traps
                 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs),
                 (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable
                 Suicide)
    
             Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
                 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context),
                 (list, builtin)
    
             Precedence Traps
                 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
                 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
    
             General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
                 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
                 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
                 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
                 Expression
    
             Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
                 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you
                 specify a filehandle
    
             OS Traps
                 (SysV), (SysV)
    
             Interpolation Traps
                 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
                 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
                 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
    
             DBM Traps
                 DBM, DBM
    
             Unclassified Traps
                 `require'/`do' trap using returned value, `split' on
                 empty string with LIMIT specified
    
         perlport - Writing portable Perl
    
         DESCRIPTION
             Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of
             Perl already is portable
    
         ISSUES
    
             Newlines
    
             Numbers endianness and Width
    
             Files and Filesystems
    
             System Interaction
    
             Interprocess Communication (IPC)
    
             External Subroutines (XS)
    
             Standard Modules
    
             Time and Date
    
             Character sets and character encoding
    
             Internationalisation
    
             System Resources
    
             Security
    
             Style
    
         CPAN Testers
             Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
             http://testers.cpan.org/
    
         PLATFORMS
    
             Unix
    
             DOS and Derivatives
                 Build instructions for OS/2, the perlos2 manpage
    
             Mac OS
    
             VMS
    
             VOS
    
             EBCDIC Platforms
    
             Acorn RISC OS
    
             Other perls
    
         FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
    
             Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
                 -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
                 binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot
                 FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose
                 HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
                 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
                 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
                 getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
                 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
                 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
                 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
                 getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
                 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
                 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
                 STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
                 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
                 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
                 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
                 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
                 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
                 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
                 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
                 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
                 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
                 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
                 KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
                 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
                 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG,
                 shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
                 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
                 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
                 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink
                 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
                 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times,
                 truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH,
                 umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid
                 PID,FLAGS
    
         CHANGES
             v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20
             December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999,
             v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
             1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998,
             v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35,
             13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August
             1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
    
         Supported Platforms
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
    
         VERSION
    
         perlstyle - Perl style guide
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         perlpod - plain old documentation
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Verbatim Paragraph
    
             Command Paragraph
    
             Ordinary Block of Text
    
             The Intent
    
             Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
    
             Common Pod Pitfalls
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         perlbook - Perl book information
    
    
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             PREAMBLE
                 Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use
                 Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
    
             ROADMAP
    
             Compiling your C program
    
             Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
    
             Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
    
             Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
    
            program
             Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C
    
             Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
    
             Maintaining a persistent interpreter
    
             Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
    
            your C program
             Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from
    
         Embedding Perl under Win32
    
         MORAL
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             PerlIO *, PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddiinn(()), PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddoouutt(()),
             PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddeerrrr(()), PerlIO_open(path, mode),
             PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...),
             PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...),
             PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),
             PPeerrllIIOO_cclloossee(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c),
             PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeettcc(f), PPeerrllIIOO_eeooff(f),
             PPeerrllIIOO_eerrrroorr(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ffiilleennoo(f), PPeerrllIIOO_cclleeaarreerrrr(f),
             PPeerrllIIOO_fflluusshh(f), PPeerrllIIOO_tteellll(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w),
             PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p),
             PPeerrllIIOO_rreewwiinndd(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ttmmppffiillee(())
    
             Co-existence with stdio
                 PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags),
                 PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PPeerrllIIOO_ffiinnddFFIILLEE(f),
                 PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PPeerrllIIOO_sseettlliinneebbuuff(f),
                 PPeerrllIIOO_hhaass_ccnnttppttrr(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_ppttrr(f),
                 PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_ccnntt(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ccaannsseett_ccnntt(f),
                 PPeerrllIIOO_ffaasstt_ggeettss(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c),
                 PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PPeerrllIIOO_hhaass_bbaassee(f),
                 PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_bbaassee(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_bbuuffssiizz(f)
    
         perlxs - XS language reference manual
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Introduction
    
             On The Road
    
             The Anatomy of an XSUB
    
             The Argument Stack
    
             The RETVAL Variable
    
             The MODULE Keyword
    
             The PACKAGE Keyword
    
             The PREFIX Keyword
    
             The OUTPUT: Keyword
    
             The CODE: Keyword
    
             The INIT: Keyword
    
             The NO_INIT Keyword
    
             Initializing Function Parameters
    
             Default Parameter Values
    
             The PREINIT: Keyword
    
             The SCOPE: Keyword
    
    
             The INPUT: Keyword
    
             Variable-length Parameter Lists
    
             The C_ARGS: Keyword
    
             The PPCODE: Keyword
    
             Returning Undef And Empty Lists
    
             The REQUIRE: Keyword
    
             The CLEANUP: Keyword
    
             The BOOT: Keyword
    
             The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
    
             The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
    
             The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
    
             The ALIAS: Keyword
    
             The INTERFACE: Keyword
    
             The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
    
             The INCLUDE: Keyword
    
             The CASE: Keyword
    
             The & Unary Operator
    
             Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
    
             Using XS With C++
    
             Interface Strategy
    
             Perl Objects And C Structures
    
             The Typemap
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         XS VERSION
    
         AUTHOR
    
    
    
         perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SPECIAL NOTES
    
             make
    
             Version caveat
    
             Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
    
         TUTORIAL
    
             EXAMPLE 1
    
             EXAMPLE 2
    
             What has gone on?
    
             Writing good test scripts
    
             EXAMPLE 3
    
             What's new here?
    
             Input and Output Parameters
    
             The XSUBPP Program
    
             The TYPEMAP file
    
             Warning about Output Arguments
    
             EXAMPLE 4
    
             What has happened here?
    
             Anatomy of .xs file
    
             Getting the fat out of XSUBs
    
             More about XSUB arguments
    
             The Argument Stack
    
             Extending your Extension
    
             Documenting your Extension
    
             Installing your Extension
    
             EXAMPLE 5
    
             New Things in this Example
    
             EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon)
    
             EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
    
             EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
    
             EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
    
             Troubleshooting these Examples
    
         See also
    
         Author
    
             Last Changed
    
         perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Variables
    
             Datatypes
    
             What is an "IV"?
    
             Working with SVs
    
             What's Really Stored in an SV?
    
             Working with AVs
    
             Working with HVs
    
             Hash API Extensions
    
             References
    
             Blessed References and Class Objects
    
             Creating New Variables
    
             Reference Counts and Mortality
    
             Stashes and Globs
    
             Double-Typed SVs
    
             Magic Variables
    
             Assigning Magic
    
             Magic Virtual Tables
    
             Finding Magic
    
             Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
    
             Localizing changes
                 `SAVEINT(int i)', `SAVEIV(IV i)', `SAVEI32(I32 i)',
                 `SAVELONG(long i)', `SAVESPTR(s)', `SAVEPPTR(p)',
                 `SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)', `SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)',
                 `SAVEFREEPV(p)', `SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)',
                 `SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)',
                 `SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
                 *p)', `SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void
                 *p)', `SAVESTACK_POS()', `SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)',
                 `AV* save_ary(GV *gv)', `HV* save_hash(GV *gv)',
                 `void save_item(SV *item)', `void save_list(SV
                 **sarg, I32 maxsarg)', `SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)',
                 `void save_aptr(AV **aptr)', `void save_hptr(HV
                 **hptr)'
    
         Subroutines
    
             XSUBs and the Argument Stack
    
             Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
    
             Memory Allocation
    
             PerlIO
    
             Putting a C value on Perl stack
    
             Scratchpads
    
             Scratchpads and recursion
    
         Compiled code
    
             Code tree
    
             Examining the tree
    
             Compile pass 1: check routines
    
             Compile pass 1a: constant folding
    
    
             Compile pass 2: context propagation
    
             Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
    
         How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
    
             Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
    
             How do I use all this in extensions?
    
             Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
    
         AUTHORS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
    
         DESCRIPTION
             An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
    
         THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
             call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
    
         FLAG VALUES
    
             G_VOID
    
             G_SCALAR
    
             G_ARRAY
    
             G_DISCARD
    
             G_NOARGS
    
             G_EVAL
    
             G_KEEPERR
    
             Determining the Context
    
         KNOWN PROBLEMS
    
         EXAMPLES
    
             No Parameters, Nothing returned
    
             Passing Parameters
    
             Returning a Scalar
    
             Returning a list of values
    
             Returning a list in a scalar context
    
             Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
    
             Using G_EVAL
    
             Using G_KEEPERR
    
             Using call_sv
    
             Using call_argv
    
             Using call_method
    
             Using GIMME_V
    
             Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
    
             Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
                 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2.
                 Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit,
                 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
    
             Alternate Stack Manipulation
    
             Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         DATE
    
         perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Layout
                 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse,
                 B::Xref
    
         Using The Back Ends
    
             The Cross Referencing Back End
                 i, &, s, r
    
             The Decompiling Back End
    
             The Lint Back End
    
             The Simple C Back End
    
             The Bytecode Back End
    
             The Optimized C Back End
                 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
                 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
                 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
                 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
    
         KNOWN PROBLEMS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public
         API
    
         DESCRIPTION
             AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make,
             av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef,
             av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
             CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP,
             dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
             fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv,
             get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
             gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
             gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS,
             G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN,
             HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL,
             HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
             hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit,
             hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
             hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef,
             isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER,
             items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear,
             mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length,
             mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB,
             newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
             newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
             newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv,
             Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
             perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
             PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
             PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes,
             POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn,
             PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv,
             RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP,
             SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
             strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND,
             SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
             SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
             SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on,
             SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
             SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX,
             SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
             SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
             SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
             SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE,
             svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV,
             SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal,
             sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
             sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg,
             sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
             sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len,
             sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv,
             sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf,
             sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
             sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
             sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg,
             sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
             sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
             toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu,
             XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
             XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
             XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
             XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
    
         AUTHORS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal
    
                    Perl functions"            Perl functions"
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHORS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         perlhist - the Perl history records
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         INTRODUCTION
    
         THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
    
             PUMPKIN?
    
         THE RECORDS
    
    
             SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
    
             SELECTED PATCH SIZES
    
         THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
    
    
    

    PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

         attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             method, locked
    
         re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Built-in Attributes
                 locked, method, lvalue
    
             Available Subroutines
                 get, reftype
    
             Package-specific Attribute Handling
                 FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
    
             Syntax of Attribute Lists
    
         EXPORTS
    
             Default exports
    
             Available exports
    
             Export tags defined
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
    
    
         attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             method, locked
    
         autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         WARNING
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at
         compile time
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         HISTORY
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than
         character
    
         semantics" semantics"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
    
         charnames - define character names for `\N{named}' string
         literal
    
         escape."  escape."
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
    
         BUGS
    
         constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTES
    
         TECHNICAL NOTE
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
    
         diagnostics" diagnostics"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             The `diagnostics' Pragma
    
             The splain Program
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         INTERNALS
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
    
    
         fields - compile-time class fields
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             new, phash
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission
         operators
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             subpragma access
    
         integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer
         instead of
    
         double" double"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         less - perl pragma to request less of something from the
         compiler
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Adding directories to @INC
    
             Deleting directories from @INC
    
             Restoring original @INC
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
    
    
         locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for
         built-in
    
         operations" operations"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and
         output
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
         compiling
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         overload - Package for overloading perl operations
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Declaration of overloaded functions
    
             Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
                 FALSE, TRUE, `undef'
    
             Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
    
             Calling Conventions for Mutators
                 `++' and `--', `x=' and other assignment versions
    
             Overloadable Operations
                 Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit
                 operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental
                 functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion,
                 Iteration, Dereferencing, Special
    
    
             Inheritance and overloading
                 Strings as values of `use overload' directive,
                 Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived
                 classes
    
         SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR `use overload'
    
             Last Resort
    
             Fallback
                 `undef', TRUE, defined, but FALSE
    
             Copy Constructor
                 Example
    
         MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
             Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion
             operations, Increment and decrement, `abs($a)', Unary
             minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations,
             Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator
    
         Losing overloading
    
         Run-time Overloading
    
         Public functions
             overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
             overload::Method(obj,op)
    
         Overloading constants
             integer, float, binary, q, qr
    
         IMPLEMENTATION
    
         Metaphor clash
    
         Cookbook
    
             Two-face scalars
    
             Two-face references
    
             Symbolic calculator
    
             Really symbolic calculator
    
         AUTHOR
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
    
         BUGS
    
         re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
    
             SIGNAL HANDLERS
                 stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
    
             SIGNAL LISTS
                 normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals
    
             OTHER
                 untrapped, any, signal, number
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             `strict refs', `strict vars', `strict subs'
    
         subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
         (obsolete)
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]),
             warnings::warn([$category,] $message)
    
    
    

    MODULE DOCUMENTATION

         AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             DBM Comparisons
                 [0], [1], [2], [3]
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Subroutine Stubs
    
             Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
    
             Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
    
             Package Lexicals
    
             AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
    
         CAVEATS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             $keep, $check, $modtime
    
             Multiple packages
    
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
    
         B - The Perl Compiler
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
    
             SV-RELATED CLASSES
    
             B::SV METHODS
                 REFCNT, FLAGS
    
             B::IV METHODS
                 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
    
             B::NV METHODS
                 NV, NVX
    
             B::RV METHODS
                 RV
    
             B::PV METHODS
                 PV
    
             B::PVMG METHODS
                 MAGIC, SvSTASH
    
             B::MAGIC METHODS
                 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
    
             B::PVLV METHODS
                 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
    
             B::BM METHODS
                 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
    
             B::GV METHODS
                 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV,
                 CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
    
             B::IO METHODS
                 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV,
                 FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV,
                 SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
    
             B::AV METHODS
                 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
    
    
             B::CV METHODS
                 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST,
                 OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS
    
             B::HV METHODS
                 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
    
             OP-RELATED CLASSES
    
             B::OP METHODS
                 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq,
                 flags, private
    
             B::UNOP METHOD
                 first
    
             B::BINOP METHOD
                 last
    
             B::LOGOP METHOD
                 other
    
             B::LISTOP METHOD
                 children
    
             B::PMOP METHODS
                 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags,
                 pmpermflags, precomp
    
             B::SVOP METHOD
                 sv, gv
    
             B::PADOP METHOD
                 padix
    
             B::PVOP METHOD
                 pv
    
             B::LOOP METHODS
                 redoop, nextop, lastop
    
             B::COP METHODS
                 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
    
         FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY `B'
             main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
             sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation,
             walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
             walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE),
             svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR),
             cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
             threadsv_names
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to
         generate
    
         bytecode" bytecode"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
             -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
             -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-
             syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
             -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC,
             -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
             -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr,
             -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-
             bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         BUGS
    
         DIFFERENCES
    
             Loops
    
             Context of ".."
    
             Arithmetic
    
             Deprecated features
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about
         ops
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
             -l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T,
             vSTRING.
    
         USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
    
             Synopsis
    
             Description
    
             new
    
             coderef2text
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Lint - Perl lint
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
             context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-
             underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-
             variables, all, none
    
         NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
             -u Package
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONVENTIONS
    
         IMPLEMENTATION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or
         files
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about
         ops
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl
         programs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
             `-oFILENAME', `-r', `-D[tO]'
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Methods
                 new, debug, iters
    
             Standard Exports
                 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [
                 TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF,
                 [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
                 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
    
             Optional Exports
                 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese (
                 COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese (
                 RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache
                 ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
    
         NOTES
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         INHERITANCE
    
         CAVEATS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS
    
         MODIFICATION HISTORY
    
         ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         OPTIONS
             -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
             -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-
             syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         ABSTRACT
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             PROGRAMMING STYLE
    
             CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
                 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is
                 available.  Forexample, -value is an alias for
                 -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
                 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g.
                 '-values'
    
             CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
    
             CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
    
             FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
    
            SCRIPT:
             FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR
    
             FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
    
             SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
    
             APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
    
             IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
    
             DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
    
             DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
    
             DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
    
    
             FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
    
             SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
    
             RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
    
             USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
                 :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html,
                 :standard, :all
    
             PRAGMAS
                 -any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload,
                 -no_debug, -private_tempfiles
    
             SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
                 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2.
                 end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3.
                 start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul()
                 (generates a </UL> tag)
    
         GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
    
             CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
    
             GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
    
             CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
                 Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
    
             ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
    
            INFORMATION:
             CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE
    
             OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
                 -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info),
                 -query (-query_string)
    
             MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
    
         CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
    
             PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
    
             THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
    
             HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
    
             NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
    
             PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
    
         CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
    
             CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
    
             STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
                 application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-
                 data
    
             CREATING A TEXT FIELD
                 Parameters
    
             CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
    
             CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
    
             CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
                 Parameters
    
             CREATING A POPUP MENU
    
             CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
                 Parameters:
    
             CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
                 Parameters:
    
             CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
                 Parameters:
    
             CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
                 Parameters:
    
             CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
                 Parameters:
    
             CREATING A RESET BUTTON
    
             CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
    
             CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
                 Parameters:
    
             CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
                 Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional)
                 is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or
                 MIDDLE
    
             CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
    
         HTTP COOKIES
             1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a
             "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires,
             -secure
    
         WORKING WITH FRAMES
             1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the
             destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3.
             Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM>
             tag
    
         LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
    
         DEBUGGING
    
             DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
    
         FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
             AAcccceepptt(()), rraaww_ccooookkiiee(()), uusseerr_aaggeenntt(()), ppaatthh_iinnffoo(()),
             ppaatthh_ttrraannssllaatteedd(()), rreemmoottee_hhoosstt(()), ssccrriipptt_nnaammee(())Return
             the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering
             scripts, rreeffeerreerr(()), auth_type (), server_name (),
             virtual_host (), server_software (), remote_user (),
             user_name (), rreeqquueesstt_mmeetthhoodd(()), ccoonntteenntt_ttyyppee(()), hhttttpp(()),
             hhttttppss(())
    
         USING NPH SCRIPTS
             In the use statement, By calling the nnpphh(()) method:, By
             using -nph parameters in the hheeaaddeerr(()) and rreeddiirreecctt(())
             statements:
    
         Server Push
             multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
    
         Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
             $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-
             by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts
    
         COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
    
         AUTHOR INFORMATION
    
         CREDITS
             Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James
             Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish
             <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
             (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin
             (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se),
             Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard
             Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop
             (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
             (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk),
             Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
             (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie
             (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
             (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
             (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net),
             David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern
             (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston
             (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..
    
         A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         ABSTRACT
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR INFORMATION
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD
         (or
    
         other) error log" other) error log"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
    
         MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
    
             Changing the default message
    
         CHANGE LOG
    
         AUTHORS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         USING CGI::Cookie
             1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag
    
             Creating New Cookies
    
             Sending the Cookie to the Browser
    
             Recovering Previous Cookies
    
             Manipulating Cookies
                 nnaammee(()), vvaalluuee(()), ddoommaaiinn(()), ppaatthh(()), eexxppiirreess(())
    
         AUTHOR INFORMATION
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
    
         WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
    
         INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
    
         USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
    
         CAVEATS
    
         AUTHOR INFORMATION
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Tags that won't be formatted
    
             Customizing the Indenting
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         USING CGI::Push
             -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target,
             -expires
    
             Heterogeneous Pages
    
             Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
    
         INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
    
         AUTHOR INFORMATION
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct
         CGI::Switch
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         ABSTRACT
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR INFORMATION
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN
         sites
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Interactive Mode
                 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files
                 and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or
                 distributions, get, readme, look module or
                 distribution, Signals
    
             CPAN::Shell
    
             autobundle
    
             recompile
    
            Distribution
             The four `CPAN::*' Classes: Author, Bundle, Module,
    
             Programmer's interface
                 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
    
             Methods in the four Classes
    
             Cache Manager
    
             Bundles
    
             Prerequisites
    
             Finding packages and VERSION
    
             Debugging
    
             Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
    
         CONFIGURATION
             `o conf <scalar option>', `o conf <scalar option>
             <value>', `o conf <list option>', `o conf <list option>
             [shift|pop]', `o conf <list option>
             [unshift|push|splice] <list>'
    
             Note on urllist parameter's format
    
             urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
    
         SECURITY
    
         EXPORT
    
         POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
    
         WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
             http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS,
             IP Masquerade
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file
         Initialization
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any
         XS
    
         module" module"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Carp, carp    - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Forcing a Stack Trace
    
         BUGS
    
         Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
    
         SYNOPIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl
         classes
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             The `struct()' function
    
             Element Types and Accessor Methods
                 Scalar (`'$'' or `'*$''), Array (`'@'' or `'*@''),
                 Hash (`'%'' or `'*%''), Class (`'Class_Name'' or
                 `'*Class_Name'')
    
             Initializing with `new'
    
         EXAMPLES
             Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
    
         Author and Modification History
    
         Config - access Perl configuration information
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         WARNING
    
         GLOSSARY
    
             _   `_a', `_exe', `_o'
    
             a   `afs', `alignbytes', `ansi2knr', `aphostname',
                 `api_revision', `api_subversion', `api_version',
                 `api_versionstring', `ar', `archlib', `archlibexp',
                 `archname64', `archname', `archobjs', `awk'
    
             b   `baserev', `bash', `bin', `bincompat5005', `binexp',
                 `bison', `byacc', `byteorder'
    
             c   `c', `castflags', `cat', `cc', `cccdlflags',
                 `ccdlflags', `ccflags', `ccsymbols', `cf_by',
                 `cf_email', `cf_time', `charsize', `chgrp', `chmod',
                 `chown', `clocktype', `comm', `compress'
    
             C   `CONFIGDOTSH', `contains', `cp', `cpio', `cpp',
                 `cpp_stuff', `cppccsymbols', `cppflags', `cpplast',
                 `cppminus', `cpprun', `cppstdin', `cppsymbols',
                 `crosscompile', `cryptlib', `csh'
    
             d   `d_access', `d_accessx', `d_alarm', `d_archlib',
                 `d_atolf', `d_atoll', `d_attribut', `d_bcmp',
                 `d_bcopy', `d_bincompat5005', `d_bsd',
                 `d_bsdgetpgrp', `d_bsdsetpgrp', `d_bzero',
                 `d_casti32', `d_castneg', `d_charvspr', `d_chown',
                 `d_chroot', `d_chsize', `d_closedir', `d_const',
                 `d_crypt', `d_csh', `d_cuserid', `d_dbl_dig',
                 `d_difftime', `d_dirnamlen', `d_dlerror',
                 `d_dlopen', `d_dlsymun', `d_dosuid',
                 `d_drand48proto', `d_dup2', `d_eaccess',
                 `d_endgrent', `d_endhent', `d_endnent', `d_endpent',
                 `d_endpwent', `d_endsent', `d_endspent',
                 `d_eofnblk', `d_eunice', `d_fchmod', `d_fchown',
                 `d_fcntl', `d_fd_macros', `d_fd_set', `d_fds_bits',
                 `d_fgetpos', `d_flexfnam', `d_flock', `d_fork',
                 `d_fpathconf', `d_fpos64_t', `d_fs_data_s',
                 `d_fseeko', `d_fsetpos', `d_fstatfs', `d_fstatvfs',
                 `d_ftello', `d_ftime', `d_Gconvert', `d_getcwd',
                 `d_getfsstat', `d_getgrent', `d_getgrps',
                 `d_gethbyaddr', `d_gethbyname', `d_gethent',
                 `d_gethname', `d_gethostprotos', `d_getlogin',
                 `d_getmnt', `d_getmntent', `d_getnbyaddr',
                 `d_getnbyname', `d_getnent', `d_getnetprotos',
                 `d_getpbyname', `d_getpbynumber', `d_getpent',
                 `d_getpgid', `d_getpgrp2', `d_getpgrp', `d_getppid',
                 `d_getprior', `d_getprotoprotos', `d_getpwent',
                 `d_getsbyname', `d_getsbyport', `d_getsent',
                 `d_getservprotos', `d_getspent', `d_getspnam',
                 `d_gettimeod', `d_gnulibc', `d_grpasswd',
                 `d_hasmntopt', `d_htonl', `d_iconv', `d_index',
                 `d_inetaton', `d_int64_t', `d_isascii', `d_killpg',
                 `d_lchown', `d_ldbl_dig', `d_link', `d_locconv',
                 `d_lockf', `d_longdbl', `d_longlong',
                 `d_lseekproto', `d_lstat', `d_madvise', `d_mblen',
                 `d_mbstowcs', `d_mbtowc', `d_memchr', `d_memcmp',
                 `d_memcpy', `d_memmove', `d_memset', `d_mkdir',
                 `d_mkdtemp', `d_mkfifo', `d_mkstemp', `d_mkstemps',
                 `d_mktime', `d_mmap', `d_mprotect', `d_msg',
                 `d_msg_ctrunc', `d_msg_dontroute', `d_msg_oob',
                 `d_msg_peek', `d_msg_proxy', `d_msgctl', `d_msgget',
                 `d_msgrcv', `d_msgsnd', `d_msync', `d_munmap',
                 `d_mymalloc', `d_nice', `d_nv_preserves_uv',
                 `d_off64_t', `d_old_pthread_create_joinable',
                 `d_oldpthreads', `d_oldsock', `d_open3',
                 `d_pathconf', `d_pause', `d_phostname', `d_pipe',
                 `d_poll', `d_portable', `d_PRId64', `d_PRIeldbl',
                 `d_PRIEldbl', `d_PRIfldbl', `d_PRIFldbl',
                 `d_PRIgldbl', `d_PRIGldbl', `d_PRIi64', `d_PRIo64',
                 `d_PRIu64', `d_PRIx64', `d_PRIX64',
                 `d_pthread_yield', `d_pwage', `d_pwchange',
                 `d_pwclass', `d_pwcomment', `d_pwexpire',
                 `d_pwgecos', `d_pwpasswd', `d_pwquota', `d_qgcvt',
                 `d_quad', `d_readdir', `d_readlink', `d_rename',
                 `d_rewinddir', `d_rmdir', `d_safebcpy',
                 `d_safemcpy', `d_sanemcmp', `d_sched_yield',
                 `d_scm_rights', `d_seekdir', `d_select', `d_sem',
                 `d_semctl', `d_semctl_semid_ds', `d_semctl_semun',
                 `d_semget', `d_semop', `d_setegid', `d_seteuid',
                 `d_setgrent', `d_setgrps', `d_sethent',
                 `d_setlinebuf', `d_setlocale', `d_setnent',
                 `d_setpent', `d_setpgid', `d_setpgrp2', `d_setpgrp',
                 `d_setprior', `d_setpwent', `d_setregid',
                 `d_setresgid', `d_setresuid', `d_setreuid',
                 `d_setrgid', `d_setruid', `d_setsent', `d_setsid',
                 `d_setspent', `d_setvbuf', `d_sfio', `d_shm',
                 `d_shmat', `d_shmatprototype', `d_shmctl',
                 `d_shmdt', `d_shmget', `d_sigaction', `d_sigsetjmp',
                 `d_socket', `d_socklen_t', `d_sockpair', `d_sqrtl',
                 `d_statblks', `d_statfs_f_flags', `d_statfs_s',
                 `d_statvfs', `d_stdio_cnt_lval', `d_stdio_ptr_lval',
                 `d_stdio_stream_array', `d_stdiobase', `d_stdstdio',
                 `d_strchr', `d_strcoll', `d_strctcpy', `d_strerrm',
                 `d_strerror', `d_strtod', `d_strtol', `d_strtold',
                 `d_strtoll', `d_strtoul', `d_strtoull', `d_strtouq',
                 `d_strxfrm', `d_suidsafe', `d_symlink', `d_syscall',
                 `d_sysconf', `d_sysernlst', `d_syserrlst',
                 `d_system', `d_tcgetpgrp', `d_tcsetpgrp',
                 `d_telldir', `d_telldirproto', `d_time', `d_times',
                 `d_truncate', `d_tzname', `d_umask', `d_uname',
                 `d_union_semun', `d_ustat', `d_vendorarch',
                 `d_vendorbin', `d_vendorlib', `d_vfork',
                 `d_void_closedir', `d_voidsig', `d_voidtty',
                 `d_volatile', `d_vprintf', `d_wait4', `d_waitpid',
                 `d_wcstombs', `d_wctomb', `d_xenix', `date',
                 `db_hashtype', `db_prefixtype', `defvoidused',
                 `direntrytype', `dlext', `dlsrc', `doublesize',
                 `drand01', `dynamic_ext'
    
             e   `eagain', `ebcdic', `echo', `egrep', `emacs',
                 `eunicefix', `exe_ext', `expr', `extensions'
    
             f   `fflushall', `fflushNULL', `find', `firstmakefile',
                 `flex', `fpossize', `fpostype', `freetype',
                 `full_ar', `full_csh', `full_sed'
    
             g   `gccversion', `gidformat', `gidsign', `gidsize',
                 `gidtype', `glibpth', `grep', `groupcat',
                 `groupstype', `gzip'
    
             h   `h_fcntl', `h_sysfile', `hint', `hostcat', `huge'
    
             i   `i16size', `i16type', `i32size', `i32type',
                 `i64size', `i64type', `i8size', `i8type',
                 `i_arpainet', `i_bsdioctl', `i_db', `i_dbm',
                 `i_dirent', `i_dld', `i_dlfcn', `i_fcntl',
                 `i_float', `i_gdbm', `i_grp', `i_iconv', `i_ieeefp',
                 `i_inttypes', `i_limits', `i_locale', `i_machcthr',
                 `i_malloc', `i_math', `i_memory', `i_mntent',
                 `i_ndbm', `i_netdb', `i_neterrno', `i_netinettcp',
                 `i_niin', `i_poll', `i_pthread', `i_pwd',
                 `i_rpcsvcdbm', `i_sfio', `i_sgtty', `i_shadow',
                 `i_socks', `i_stdarg', `i_stddef', `i_stdlib',
                 `i_string', `i_sunmath', `i_sysaccess', `i_sysdir',
                 `i_sysfile', `i_sysfilio', `i_sysin', `i_sysioctl',
                 `i_syslog', `i_sysmman', `i_sysmode', `i_sysmount',
                 `i_sysndir', `i_sysparam', `i_sysresrc',
                 `i_syssecrt', `i_sysselct', `i_syssockio',
                 `i_sysstat', `i_sysstatfs', `i_sysstatvfs',
                 `i_systime', `i_systimek', `i_systimes',
                 `i_systypes', `i_sysuio', `i_sysun', `i_sysutsname',
                 `i_sysvfs', `i_syswait', `i_termio', `i_termios',
                 `i_time', `i_unistd', `i_ustat', `i_utime',
                 `i_values', `i_varargs', `i_varhdr', `i_vfork',
                 `ignore_versioned_solibs', `inc_version_list',
                 `inc_version_list_init', `incpath', `inews',
                 `installarchlib', `installbin', `installman1dir',
                 `installman3dir', `installprefix',
                 `installprefixexp', `installprivlib',
                 `installscript', `installsitearch',
                 `installsitebin', `installsitelib', `installstyle',
                 `installusrbinperl', `installvendorarch',
                 `installvendorbin', `installvendorlib', `intsize',
                 `ivdformat', `ivsize', `ivtype'
    
             k   `known_extensions', `ksh'
    
             l   `large', `ld', `lddlflags', `ldflags',
                 `ldlibpthname', `less', `lib_ext', `libc',
                 `libperl', `libpth', `libs', `libsdirs',
                 `libsfiles', `libsfound', `libspath', `libswanted',
                 `line', `lint', `lkflags', `ln', `lns', `locincpth',
                 `loclibpth', `longdblsize', `longlongsize',
                 `longsize', `lp', `lpr', `ls', `lseeksize',
                 `lseektype'
    
             m   `mail', `mailx', `make', `make_set_make',
                 `mallocobj', `mallocsrc', `malloctype', `man1dir',
                 `man1direxp', `man1ext', `man3dir', `man3direxp',
                 `man3ext'
    
             M   `Mcc', `medium', `mips_type', `mkdir', `mmaptype',
                 `models', `modetype', `more', `multiarch', `mv',
                 `myarchname', `mydomain', `myhostname', `myuname'
    
             n   `n', `netdb_hlen_type', `netdb_host_type',
                 `netdb_name_type', `netdb_net_type', `nm', `nm_opt',
                 `nm_so_opt', `nonxs_ext', `nroff', `nvsize',
                 `nvtype'
    
             o   `o_nonblock', `obj_ext',
                 `old_pthread_create_joinable', `optimize',
                 `orderlib', `osname', `osvers'
    
             p   `package', `pager', `passcat', `patchlevel',
                 `path_sep', `perl5', `perl'
    
             P   `PERL_REVISION', `PERL_SUBVERSION', `PERL_VERSION',
                 `perladmin', `perlpath', `pg', `phostname',
                 `pidtype', `plibpth', `pm_apiversion', `pmake',
                 `pr', `prefix', `prefixexp', `privlib',
                 `privlibexp', `prototype', `ptrsize'
    
             q   `quadkind', `quadtype'
    
             r   `randbits', `randfunc', `randseedtype', `ranlib',
                 `rd_nodata', `revision', `rm', `rmail', `runnm'
    
             s   `sched_yield', `scriptdir', `scriptdirexp', `sed',
                 `seedfunc', `selectminbits', `selecttype',
                 `sendmail', `sh', `shar', `sharpbang', `shmattype',
                 `shortsize', `shrpenv', `shsharp', `sig_count',
                 `sig_name', `sig_name_init', `sig_num',
                 `sig_num_init', `signal_t', `sitearch',
                 `sitearchexp', `sitebin', `sitebinexp', `sitelib',
                 `sitelib_stem', `sitelibexp', `siteprefix',
                 `siteprefixexp', `sizesize', `sizetype', `sleep',
                 `smail', `small', `so', `sockethdr', `socketlib',
                 `socksizetype', `sort', `spackage', `spitshell',
                 `split', `sPRId64', `sPRIeldbl', `sPRIEldbl',
                 `sPRIfldbl', `sPRIFldbl', `sPRIgldbl', `sPRIGldbl',
                 `sPRIi64', `sPRIo64', `sPRIu64', `sPRIx64',
                 `sPRIX64', `src', `ssizetype', `startperl',
                 `startsh', `static_ext', `stdchar', `stdio_base',
                 `stdio_bufsiz', `stdio_cnt', `stdio_filbuf',
                 `stdio_ptr', `stdio_stream_array', `strings',
                 `submit', `subversion', `sysman'
    
             t   `tail', `tar', `tbl', `tee', `test', `timeincl',
                 `timetype', `touch', `tr', `trnl', `troff'
    
             u   `u16size', `u16type', `u32size', `u32type',
                 `u64size', `u64type', `u8size', `u8type',
                 `uidformat', `uidsign', `uidsize', `uidtype',
                 `uname', `uniq', `uquadtype', `use5005threads',
                 `use64bitall', `use64bitint', `usedl',
                 `useithreads', `uselargefiles', `uselongdouble',
                 `usemorebits', `usemultiplicity', `usemymalloc',
                 `usenm', `useopcode', `useperlio', `useposix',
                 `usesfio', `useshrplib', `usesocks', `usethreads',
                 `usevendorprefix', `usevfork', `usrinc', `uuname',
                 `uvoformat', `uvsize', `uvtype', `uvuformat',
                 `uvxformat'
    
             v   `vendorarch', `vendorarchexp', `vendorbin',
                 `vendorbinexp', `vendorlib', `vendorlib_stem',
                 `vendorlibexp', `vendorprefix', `vendorprefixexp',
                 `version', `vi', `voidflags'
    
             x   `xlibpth', `xs_apiversion'
    
             z   `zcat', `zip'
    
         NOTE
    
         Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
         (draft,
    
         subject to change)" subject to change)"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Global Variables
                  $DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,  @DB::args,
                 @DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname,
                 $DB::lineno
    
    
             API Methods
                 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
                 CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT-
                 >step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
    
             Client Callback Methods
                 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT-
                 >stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]),
                 CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
                 CLIENT->output(LIST)
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
    
             Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
    
             Interface to Berkeley DB
    
    
             Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
    
             Default Parameters
    
             In Memory Databases
    
         DB_HASH
    
             A Simple Example
    
         DB_BTREE
    
             Changing the BTREE sort order
    
             Handling Duplicate Keys
    
             The get_dup() Method
    
             The find_dup() Method
    
             The del_dup() Method
    
             Matching Partial Keys
    
         DB_RECNO
    
             The 'bval' Option
    
             A Simple Example
    
             Extra RECNO Methods
                 $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
                 $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length
    
             Another Example
    
         THE API INTERFACE
             $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
             $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X-
             >del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status =
             $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X-
             >sync([$flags]) ;
    
         DBM FILTERS
             filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
             filter_fetch_value
    
             The Filter
    
             An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
    
    
             Another Example -- Key is a C int.
    
         HINTS AND TIPS
    
             Locking: The Trouble with fd
    
             Safe ways to lock a database
                 Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock
    
             Sharing Databases With C Applications
    
             The untie() Gotcha
    
         COMMON QUESTIONS
    
             Why is there Perl source in my database?
    
             How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
    
             What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
    
             What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
    
         REFERENCES
    
         HISTORY
    
         BUGS
    
         AVAILABILITY
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable
         for both
    
         printing and `eval'" printing and eval"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Methods
                 PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump  or
                 PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]),
                 $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]),
                 $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset
    
             Functions
                 Dumper(LIST)
    
             Configuration Variables or Methods
                 $Data::Dumper::Indent  or  $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]),
                 $Data::Dumper::Purity  or  $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]),
                 $Data::Dumper::Pad  or  $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]),
                 $Data::Dumper::Varname   or
                 $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq  or
                 $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse  or
                 $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer   or
                 $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster   or
                 $OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy
                 or   $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]),
                 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys  or
                 $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless  or
                 $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth
                 or   $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL])
    
             Exports
                 Dumper
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         VERSION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         PROFILE FORMAT
    
         AUTOLOAD
    
         ENVIRONMENT
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
    
    
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
    
             A simple scalar string
    
             A simple scalar number
    
             A simple scalar with an extra reference
    
             A reference to a simple scalar
    
             A reference to an array
    
             A reference to a hash
    
             Dumping a large array or hash
    
             A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
    
             A reference to a subroutine
    
         EXPORTS
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Creation
                 `arrayDepth', `hashDepth', `compactDump',
                 `veryCompact', `globPrint', `DumpDBFiles',
                 `DumpPackages', `DumpReused', `tick', `HighBit',
                 `printUndef', `UsageOnly', unctrl, subdump,
                 bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
    
             Methods
                 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote,
                 set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
    
         DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using,
             @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules,
             dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
             dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(),
             dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(),
             dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
    
         AUTHOR
    
         DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C
         libraries into
    
         Perl code" Perl code"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly
         punctuation
    
         variables" variables"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         BUGS
    
         Env - perl module that imports environment variables as
         scalars or
    
         arrays" arrays"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         LIMITATIONS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Errno - System errno constants
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CAVEATS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             How to Export
    
             Selecting What To Export
    
             Specialised Import Lists
    
             Exporting without using Export's import method
    
             Module Version Checking
    
             Managing Unknown Symbols
    
             Tag Handling Utility Functions
    
         Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
    
         SYNOPIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX
         commands in
    
         Makefiles etc."  Makefiles etc."
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         cat
    
         eqtime src dst
    
         rm_f files...
    
         rm_f files...
    
         touch files ..
    
         mv source... destination
    
         cp source... destination
    
         chmod mode files..
    
         mkpath directory..
    
         test_f file
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++
         applications
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         @EXPORT
    
         FUNCTIONS
             xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(),
             ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(),
             xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
    
    
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed
         modules
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         USAGE
    
         FUNCTIONS
             new(), modules(), files(), directories(),
             directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to
         use them
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For
             dynamic extensions
    
             EXTRALIBS
    
             LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
    
             BSLOADLIBS
    
         PORTABILITY
    
             VMS implementation
    
             Win32 implementation
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
    
         ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
    
         ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
    
         ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
    
             Preloaded methods
                 canonpath
    
         catdir
    
         catfile
    
         curdir
    
         rootdir
    
         updir
    
         SelfLoaded methods
             c_o (o)
    
         cflags (o)
    
         clean (o)
    
         const_cccmd (o)
    
         const_config (o)
    
         const_loadlibs (o)
    
         constants (o)
    
         depend (o)
    
         dir_target (o)
    
         dist (o)
    
         dist_basics (o)
    
         dist_ci (o)
    
         dist_core (o)
    
         dist_dir (o)
    
         dist_test (o)
    
         dlsyms (o)
    
         dynamic (o)
    
         dynamic_bs (o)
    
         dynamic_lib (o)
    
         exescan
    
         extliblist
    
         file_name_is_absolute
    
         find_perl
    
         Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
             fixin
    
         force (o)
    
         guess_name
    
         has_link_code
    
         htmlifypods (o)
    
         init_dirscan
    
         init_main
    
         init_others
    
         install (o)
    
         installbin (o)
    
         libscan (o)
    
         linkext (o)
    
         lsdir
    
    
         macro (o)
    
         makeaperl (o)
    
         makefile (o)
    
         manifypods (o)
    
         maybe_command
    
         maybe_command_in_dirs
    
         needs_linking (o)
    
         nicetext
    
         parse_version
    
         parse_abstract
    
         pasthru (o)
    
         path
    
         perl_script
    
         perldepend (o)
    
         ppd
    
         perm_rw (o)
    
         perm_rwx (o)
    
         pm_to_blib
    
         post_constants (o)
    
         post_initialize (o)
    
         postamble (o)
    
         prefixify
    
         processPL (o)
    
         realclean (o)
    
         replace_manpage_separator
    
         static (o)
    
         static_lib (o)
    
         staticmake (o)
    
         subdir_x (o)
    
         subdirs (o)
    
         test (o)
    
         test_via_harness (o)
    
         test_via_script (o)
    
         tool_autosplit (o)
    
         tools_other (o)
    
         tool_xsubpp (o)
    
         top_targets (o)
    
         writedoc
    
         xs_c (o)
    
         xs_cpp (o)
    
         xs_o (o)
    
         perl_archive
    
         export_list
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
    
         ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Methods always loaded
                 wraplist
    
         rootdir (override)
    
         SelfLoaded methods
             guess_name (override)
    
         find_perl (override)
    
         path (override)
    
         maybe_command (override)
    
         maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
    
         perl_script (override)
    
         file_name_is_absolute (override)
    
         replace_manpage_separator
    
         init_others (override)
    
         constants (override)
    
         cflags (override)
    
         const_cccmd (override)
    
         pm_to_blib (override)
    
         tool_autosplit (override)
    
         tool_sxubpp (override)
    
         xsubpp_version (override)
    
         tools_other (override)
    
         dist (override)
    
         c_o (override)
    
         xs_c (override)
    
         xs_o (override)
    
         top_targets (override)
    
         dlsyms (override)
    
         dynamic_lib (override)
    
         dynamic_bs (override)
    
         static_lib (override)
    
         manifypods (override)
    
         processPL (override)
    
         installbin (override)
    
         subdir_x (override)
    
         clean (override)
    
         realclean (override)
    
         dist_basics (override)
    
         dist_core (override)
    
         dist_dir (override)
    
         dist_test (override)
    
         install (override)
    
         perldepend (override)
    
         makefile (override)
    
         test (override)
    
         test_via_harness (override)
    
         test_via_script (override)
    
         makeaperl (override)
    
         nicetext (override)
    
         ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
    
         ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         catfile
    
         constants (o)
    
         static_lib (o)
    
         dynamic_bs (o)
    
         dynamic_lib (o)
    
         canonpath
    
         perl_script
    
         pm_to_blib
    
         test_via_harness (o)
    
         tool_autosplit (override)
    
         tools_other (o)
    
         xs_o (o)
    
         top_targets (o)
    
         htmlifypods (o)
    
         manifypods (o)
    
         dist_ci (o)
    
         dist_core (o)
    
         pasthru (o)
    
         ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             How To Write A Makefile.PL
    
             Default Makefile Behaviour
    
             make test
    
             make testdb
    
             make install
    
             PREFIX and LIB attribute
    
             AFS users
    
             Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
    
             Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
    
             Which architecture dependent directory?
    
             Using Attributes and Parameters
                 AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C,
                 CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR,
                 DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES,
                 FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
                 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT,
                 INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS,
                 INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
                 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
                 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
                 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB,
                 INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR,
                 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR,
                 INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
                 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS,
                 MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING,
                 NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
                 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC,
                 PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE,
                 PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
                 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM,
                 XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
    
             Additional lowercase attributes
                 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro,
                 realclean, test, tool_autosplit
    
             Overriding MakeMaker Methods
    
             Hintsfile support
    
             Distribution Support
                    make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make distclean,    make manifest,
                   make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,    make uutardist,    make
                 shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci
    
    
             Disabling an extension
    
         ENVIRONMENT
             PERL_MM_OPT
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS
    
         ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST
         file
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         MANIFEST.SKIP
    
         EXPORT_OK
    
         GLOBAL VARIABLES
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
             `Not in MANIFEST:' file, `No such file:' file,
             `MANIFEST:' $!, `Added to MANIFEST:' file
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for
         perlmain.c
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by
         DynaLoader
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for
         dynamic
    
         extension" extension"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
    
         AUTHOR
    
         REVISION
    
         ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         USAGE
    
         FUNCTIONS
             new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or
         die
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         EXPORTED SYMBOLS
    
         File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
    
         EXAMPLES
             `basename', `dirname'
    
         File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a
         tree
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         RETURN
    
         AUTHOR
    
         File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
            Win32)
             Special behaviour if `syscopy' is defined (OS/2, VMS and
                 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
    
         RETURN
    
         AUTHOR
    
         File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXPORTS (by request only)
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         HISTORY
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             `wanted', `bydepth', `follow', `follow_fast',
             `follow_skip', `no_chdir', `untaint', `untaint_pattern',
             `untaint_skip'
    
         CAVEAT
    
    
         File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             `GLOB_ERR', `GLOB_MARK', `GLOB_NOCASE', `GLOB_NOCHECK',
             `GLOB_NOSORT', `GLOB_BRACE', `GLOB_NOMAGIC',
             `GLOB_QUOTE', `GLOB_TILDE', `GLOB_CSH'
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
             `GLOB_NOSPACE', `GLOB_ABEND'
    
         NOTES
    
         AUTHOR
    
         File::Path - create or remove directory trees
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHORS
    
         File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS
    
         File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file
         names
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Exports
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         METHODS
             canonpath
    
         catdir
    
         catfile
    
         curdir
    
         devnull
    
         rootdir
    
         tmpdir
    
         updir
    
         file_name_is_absolute
    
         path
    
         splitpath
    
         splitdir
    
         catpath
    
         abs2rel
    
         rel2abs
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
             canonpath
    
         catdir
    
         catfile
    
         curdir
    
         devnull
    
         rootdir
    
         tmpdir
    
         updir
    
         no_upwards
    
         case_tolerant
    
         file_name_is_absolute
    
         path
    
         join
    
         splitpath
    
         splitdir
    
         catpath
    
         abs2rel
    
         rel2abs
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             eliminate_macros
    
         fixpath
    
         Methods always loaded
             canonpath (override)
    
         catdir
    
         catfile
    
         curdir (override)
    
         devnull (override)
    
         rootdir (override)
    
         tmpdir (override)
    
         updir (override)
    
         case_tolerant (override)
    
         path (override)
    
         file_name_is_absolute (override)
    
         splitpath (override)
    
         splitdir (override)
    
         catpath (override)
    
         abs2rel (override)
    
         rel2abs (override)
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             devnull
    
         tmpdir
    
         catfile
    
         canonpath
    
         splitpath
    
         splitdir
    
         catpath
    
         abs2rel
    
         rel2abs
    
         SEE ALSO
    
    
    
         File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat()
         functions
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         BUGS
    
         FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
    
         KNOWN BUGS
    
         AUTHORS
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AVAILABILITY
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Command Line Options, an Introduction
    
         Getting Started with Getopt::Long
    
             Simple options
    
             A little bit less simple options
    
             Mixing command line option with other arguments
    
             Options with values
    
             Options with multiple values
    
             Options with hash values
    
             User-defined subroutines to handle options
    
             Options with multiple names
    
             Case and abbreviations
    
             Summary of Option Specifications
                 !, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ]
    
         Advanced Possibilities
    
             Documentation and help texts
    
             Storing options in a hash
    
             Bundling
    
             The lonesome dash
    
             Argument call-back
    
         Configuring Getopt::Long
             default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order,
             permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override
             (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set),
             ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through
             (default:  reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug
             (default: reset)
    
         Return values and Errors
    
         Legacy
    
             Default destinations
    
             Alternative option starters
    
             Configuration variables
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
    
         Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with
         switch
    
         clustering" clustering"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the
         current
    
         locale" locale"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         IO - load various IO modules
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
             POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir,
             DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
    
         METHODS
             open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         HISTORY
    
         IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
    
         METHODS
             $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
             $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
             LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync,
             $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [
             BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
    
         NOTE
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         BUGS
    
         HISTORY
    
         IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [READER, WRITER] )
    
    
         METHODS
             reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
             mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
             events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         HISTORY
    
         IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ HANDLES ] )
    
         METHODS
             add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
             handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT
             ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(),
             select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ARGS] )
    
         METHODS
             accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
             timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
             socktype, protocol, connected
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain
         sockets
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ARGS] )
    
             METHODS
                 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (),
                 peerport (), peerhost ()
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain
         sockets
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ARGS] )
    
         METHODS
             hostpath(), peerpath()
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for
         directory
    
         handles" handles"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
             POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir,
             DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for
         filehandles
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
    
         METHODS
             open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         HISTORY
    
         IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for
         I/O
    
         handles" handles"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
    
         METHODS
             $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
             $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
             LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync,
             $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [
             BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
    
         NOTE
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         BUGS
    
         HISTORY
    
         IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for
         pipes
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [READER, WRITER] )
    
         METHODS
             reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system
         poll call
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
             mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
             events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based
         methods for
    
         I/O objects" I/O objects"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         HISTORY
    
         IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select
         system
    
         call" call"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ HANDLES ] )
    
         METHODS
             add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
             handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT
             ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(),
             select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
    
         communications" communications"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ARGS] )
    
         METHODS
             accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
             timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
             socktype, protocol, connected
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object
         interface for
    
         AF_INET domain sockets" AF_INET domain sockets"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ARGS] )
    
             METHODS
                 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (),
                 peerport (), peerhost ()
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object
         interface for
    
         AF_UNIX domain sockets" AF_UNIX domain sockets"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONSTRUCTOR
             new ( [ARGS] )
    
         METHODS
             hostpath(), peerpath()
    
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
             new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS
             ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME
             => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and
         writing
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         WARNING
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and
         error
    
         handling" handling"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         WARNING
    
         IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         METHODS
             new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
             getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op
             ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [,
             NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N ,
             VALUE ), stat
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             ftok( PATH, ID )
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
             new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS
             ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME
             => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC
         object
    
         class" class"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         METHODS
             new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
             getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op
             ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [,
             NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N ,
             VALUE ), stat
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed
             to, Rounding is performed
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             Canonical notation, Input, Output
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         Autocreating constants
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
             tan
    
             ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
    
    
             SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
    
         PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
    
         RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
    
             COORDINATE SYSTEMS
    
             3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
                 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical,
                 cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical,
                 spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
    
         GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHORS
    
         NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             Functions
                 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [,
                 $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p-
                 >close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
    
         WARNING
    
         NOTES
    
         Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
         gethost*()
    
         functions" functions"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
    
         functions" functions"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
         getproto*()
    
         functions" functions"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
         getserv*()
    
         functions" functions"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
    
    
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CONVENTIONS
    
         IMPLEMENTATION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         WARNING
    
         Operator Names and Operator Lists
             an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag),
             a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
    
         Opcode Functions
             opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET),
             opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset,
             invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
             define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask,
             opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
    
         Manipulating Opsets
    
         TO DO (maybe)
    
         Predefined Opcode Tags
             :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig,
             :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read,
             :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
             :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
             :dangerous
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS
    
         Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
    
         compartments" compartments"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             a new namespace, an operator mask
    
         WARNING
    
             RECENT CHANGES
    
             Methods in class Safe
                 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
                 ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
                 (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
                 ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
                 (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
    
             Some Safety Issues
                 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
    
             AUTHOR
    
         Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations
         when
    
         compiling" compiling"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         CAVEATS
    
         FUNCTIONS
             _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin,
             assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch,
             calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock,
             close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
             cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle,
             execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose,
             fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos,
             fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
             fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp,
             fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc,
             getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid,
             getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp,
             getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid,
             gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit,
             isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
             isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv,
             localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen,
             mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove,
             memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof,
             open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow,
             printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read,
             readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir,
             rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
             setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending,
             sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep,
             sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr,
             strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime,
             strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk,
             strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol,
             strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
             tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp,
             time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname,
             tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime,
             vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
             wctomb, write
    
         CLASSES
    
             POSIX::SigAction
                 new
    
             POSIX::SigSet
                 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
    
             POSIX::Termios
                 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed,
                 getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc,
                 setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag,
                 setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface
                 values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values,
                 c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag
                 field values
    
         PATHNAME CONSTANTS
             Constants
    
    
         POSIX CONSTANTS
             Constants
    
         SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
             Constants
    
         ERRNO
             Constants
    
         FCNTL
             Constants
    
         FLOAT
             Constants
    
         LIMITS
             Constants
    
         LOCALE
             Constants
    
         MATH
             Constants
    
         SIGNAL
             Constants
    
         STAT
             Constants, Macros
    
         STDLIB
             Constants
    
         STDIO
             Constants
    
         TIME
             Constants
    
         UNISTD
             Constants
    
         WAIT
             Constants, Macros
    
         CREATION
    
         Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax
         errors
    
    
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
    
             podchecker()
                 -warnings => val
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
    
             Errors
                 empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back,
                 =item without previous =over, =back without previous
                 =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin,
                 Nested =begin's, =for without formatter
                 specification, unresolved internal link NAME,
                 Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence
                 "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled
                 entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed
                 link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text
                 after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back
    
             Warnings
                 multiple occurence of link target name, line
                 containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file
                 does not start with =head, No numeric argument for
                 =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding
                 non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs.
                 two), N unescaped `<>' in paragraph, Unknown entity,
                 No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty
                 section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in
                 NAME section, Hyperlinks
    
         RETURN VALUE
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         INTERFACE
    
         `$checker->poderror( @args )', `$checker->poderror( {%opts},
         @args )'
    
         `$checker->num_errors()'
    
         `$checker->name()'
    
         `$checker->node()'
    
         `$checker->idx()'
    
    
         `$checker->hyperlink()'
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         OPTIONS
             -verbose, -perl, -script, -inc
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         ARGUMENTS
             backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot,
             index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath,
             podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         ENVIRONMENT
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         COPYRIGHT
    
         Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input
         paragraphs,
    
         commands, etc."  commands, etc."
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         REQUIRES
    
         EXPORTS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             Pod::InputSource, Pod::Paragraph, Pod::InteriorSequence,
             Pod::ParseTree
    
         Pod::InputSource
    
         nneeww(())
    
         nnaammee(())
    
         hhaannddllee(())
    
         wwaass_ccuuttttiinngg(())
    
         Pod::Paragraph
    
         nneeww(())
    
         ccmmdd_nnaammee(())
    
         tteexxtt(())
    
         rraaww_tteexxtt(())
    
         ccmmdd_pprreeffiixx(())
    
         ccmmdd_sseeppaarraattoorr(())
    
         ppaarrssee_ttrreeee(())
    
         ffiillee_lliinnee(())
    
         Pod::InteriorSequence
    
         nneeww(())
    
         ccmmdd_nnaammee(())
    
         pprreeppeenndd(())
    
         aappppeenndd(())
    
         nneesstteedd(())
    
         rraaww_tteexxtt(())
    
         lleefftt_ddeelliimmiitteerr(())
    
         rriigghhtt_ddeelliimmiitteerr(())
    
         ppaarrssee_ttrreeee(())
    
         ffiillee_lliinnee(())
    
         DDEESSTTRROOYY(())
    
         Pod::ParseTree
    
         nneeww(())
    
         ttoopp(())
    
         cchhiillddrreenn(())
    
         pprreeppeenndd(())
    
         aappppeenndd(())
    
         rraaww_tteexxtt(())
    
         DDEESSTTRROOYY(())
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic,
             fixedbolditalic, release, section
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
             roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link
             %s, Unknown escape E<%s>, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched
             =back
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Pod::List
             new()
    
         file()
    
         start()
    
         indent()
    
         type()
    
         rx()
    
         item()
    
         parent()
    
         tag()
    
         Pod::Hyperlink
             new()
    
         parse($string)
    
         markup($string)
    
         text()
    
         warning()
    
         line(), file()
    
         page()
    
         node()
    
         alttext()
    
         type()
    
         link()
    
         Pod::Cache
             new()
    
         item()
    
         find_page($name)
    
         Pod::Cache::Item
             new()
    
         page()
    
         description()
    
         path()
    
    
         file()
    
         nodes()
    
         find_node($name)
    
         idx()
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and
         translators
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         REQUIRES
    
         EXPORTS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         QUICK OVERVIEW
    
         PARSING OPTIONS
             -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd
             (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)
    
         RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
    
         ccoommmmaanndd(())
             `$cmd', `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'
    
         vveerrbbaattiimm(())
             `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'
    
         tteexxttbblloocckk(())
             `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'
    
         iinntteerriioorr_sseeqquueennccee(())
    
         OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
    
         nneeww(())
    
         iinniittiiaalliizzee(())
    
         bbeeggiinn_ppoodd(())
    
         bbeeggiinn_iinnppuutt(())
    
         eenndd_iinnppuutt(())
    
         eenndd_ppoodd(())
    
         pprreepprroocceessss_lliinnee(())
    
         pprreepprroocceessss_ppaarraaggrraapphh(())
    
         METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
    
         ppaarrssee_tteexxtt(())
             -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text =>
             code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref|method-
             name
    
         iinntteerrppoollaattee(())
    
         ppaarrssee_ppaarraaggrraapphh(())
    
         ppaarrssee_ffrroomm_ffiilleehhaannddllee(())
    
         ppaarrssee_ffrroomm_ffiillee(())
    
         ACCESSOR METHODS
    
         eerrrroorrssuubb(())
    
         ccuuttttiinngg(())
    
         ppaarrsseeooppttss(())
    
         oouuttppuutt_ffiillee(())
    
         oouuttppuutt_hhaannddllee(())
    
         iinnppuutt_ffiillee(())
    
         iinnppuutt_hhaannddllee(())
    
         iinnppuutt_ssttrreeaammss(())
    
         ttoopp_ssttrreeaamm(())
    
         PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
    
         _ppuusshh_iinnppuutt_ssttrreeaamm(())
    
         _ppoopp_iinnppuutt_ssttrreeaamm(())
    
         TREE-BASED PARSING
    
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old
         style Pod.
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             EXPORT
    
         AUTHOR
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD
         from
    
         input" input"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         REQUIRES
    
         EXPORTS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
    
         RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
    
         OBJECT METHODS
    
         ccuurrrr_hheeaaddiinnggss(())
    
         sseelleecctt(())
    
         aadddd_sseelleeccttiioonn(())
    
         cclleeaarr_sseelleeccttiioonnss(())
    
         mmaattcchh_sseeccttiioonn(())
    
         iiss_sseelleecctteedd(())
    
         EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
    
         ppooddsseelleecctt(())
             -output, -sections, -ranges
    
         PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
    
         _ccoommppiillee_sseeccttiioonn_ssppeecc(())
    
         $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
    
         $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
             Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s,
             Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched
             =back
    
         RESTRICTIONS
    
         NOTES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII
         text
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         BUGS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to
         ASCII
    
         text with format escapes" text with format escapes"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from
         embedded pod
    
         documentation" documentation"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         ARGUMENTS
             `-message', `-msg', `-exitval', `-verbose', `-output',
             `-input', `-pathlist'
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
    
             Recommended Use
    
         CAVEATS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    
         SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             a new namespace, an operator mask
    
         WARNING
    
             RECENT CHANGES
    
             Methods in class Safe
                 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
                 ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
                 (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
                 ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
                 (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
    
             Some Safety Issues
                 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
    
             AUTHOR
    
         Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             The __DATA__ token
    
             SelfLoader autoloading
    
             Autoloading and package lexicals
    
             SelfLoader and AutoLoader
    
             __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
    
             Classes and inherited methods.
    
         Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
    
         Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
         load the C
    
         socket.h defines and structure manipulators" socket.h
         defines and structure manipulators"
    
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY,
             INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE,
             sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
             pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
             SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
             SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un
             SOCKADDR_UN
    
         Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
         Perl
    
         interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls" interface to the UNIX
         syslog calls"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
             $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
             $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask,
         syslog -
    
         Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls" Perl interface
         to the UNIX syslog calls"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
             $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
             $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape
         sequences
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
             Invalid attribute name %s, Identifier %s used only once:
             possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle,
             Bareword %s not allowed while "strict subs" in use
    
         RESTRICTIONS
    
         AUTHORS
    
         Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline'
         packages. If
    
    
         no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic
         functions."  no real package is found, substitutes stubs
         instead of basic functions."
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Minimal set of supported functions
             `ReadLine', `new', `readline', `addhistory', `IN',
             $`OUT', `MinLine', `findConsole', Attribs, `Features'
    
         Additional supported functions
             `tkRunning', `ornaments', `newTTY'
    
         EXPORTS
    
         ENVIRONMENT
    
         Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         TEST TYPES
             NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
    
         RETURN VALUE
    
         ONFAIL
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with
         statistics
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             The test script output
    
         EXPORT
    
         DIAGNOSTICS
             `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d,  Tests=%d, %s',
             `FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.',
             `Test returned status %d (wstat %d)', `Failed 1 test,
             %.2f%% okay. %s', `Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.  %s'
    
         ENVIRONMENT
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         AUTHORS
    
         BUGS
    
         Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a
         list
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or
         array of
    
         arrays" arrays"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
             0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of
             our $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word,
             3use of a backslash to include a space in a word, 4use
             of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
             double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of
             effect of the backslashed double-quote)
    
         AUTHORS
    
         Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as
         Described
    
         by Knuth" by Knuth"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLES
    
         LIMITATIONS
    
         AUTHOR
    
    
         Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix
         expand(1) and
    
         unexpand(1)" unexpand"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         BUGS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject
         to
    
         change)" change)"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         FUNCTIONS
             new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE,
             async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
             VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE,
             yield
    
         METHODS
             join, eval, detach, equal, tid
    
         LIMITATIONS
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
             new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
             new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
    
         Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers
         reliably
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         BUGS
    
         Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value,
             FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this,
             count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE
             this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST,
             POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
             offset, length, LIST
    
         CAVEATS
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle  - base class definitions for
         tied
    
         handles" handles"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length,
             offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST,
             READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC
             this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF
             this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
    
         MORE INFORMATION
    
         Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied
         hashes
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH
             this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS
             this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
    
         CAVEATS
    
         MORE INFORMATION
    
         Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         EXAMPLE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         VERSION
    
         SEE ALSO
    
         Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for
         tied
    
         scalars" scalars"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
             value, DESTROY this
    
         MORE INFORMATION
    
    
    
         Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         CAVEATS
    
         Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT
         time
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         IMPLEMENTATION
    
         BUGS
    
         Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
    
         function" function"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
         localtime()
    
         function" function"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and
         Time::localtime
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
    
         AUTHOR
    
         UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
             isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
             UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL,
             METHOD )
    
         User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
    
         functions" functions"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
    
         functions" functions"
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
             System Specifics
    
         NOTE
    
         AUTHOR
    
         HISTORY
             March 18th, 2000
    
         XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
    
         SYNOPSIS
    
         DESCRIPTION
    
         AUTHOR
    
    
    

    AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION

         Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation,
         but they don't all have manual pages yet:
    
         a2p
    
         s2p
    
         find2perl
    
         h2ph
    
         c2ph
    
         h2xs
    
         xsubpp
    
         pod2man
    
         wrapsuid
    
    
    

    AUTHOR

         Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of
         other folks.
    
    
    
    


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