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                       Standard C++ Library
             Copyright 1998, Rogue Wave Software, Inc.


NAME
     rotate, rotate_copy

      - Swaps the  segment  that  contains  elements  from  first
     through middle-1 with the segment that contains the elements
     from middle through last.



SYNOPSIS
     #include <algorithm>
     template <class ForwardIterator>
     void rotate (ForwardIterator first,
                 ForwardIterator middle,
                 ForwardIterator last);

     template <class ForwardIterator, class OutputIterator>
     OutputIterator rotate_copy (ForwardIterator first,
                                ForwardIterator middle,
                                ForwardIterator last,
                                OutputIterator result);



DESCRIPTION
     The rotate algorithm takes three iterator arguments:  first,
     which  defines  the start of a sequence; last, which defines
     the end of the sequence; and middle, which defines  a  point
     within  the  sequence.  rotate "swaps" the segment that con-
     tains elements from first through middle-1 with the  segment
     that  contains  the elements from middle through last. After
     rotate has been applied, the element that  was  in  position
     middle, is in position first, and the other elements in that
     segment are in the same order relative to each other.  Simi-
     larly,  the  element  that  was  in position first is now in
     position last-middle +1. An example illustrates  how  rotate
     works:

     Say that we have the sequence:

        2 4 6 8 1 3 5

     If we call rotate with middle = 5, the two segments are

        2 4 6  8      and      1 3 5

     After we apply rotate, the new sequence is:

        1 3 5 2 4 6 8

     Note that the element that was in the fifth position is  now
     in the first position, and the element that was in the first
     position is in position 4 (last - first + 1, or  8  -  5  +1
     =4).

     The formal description of this algorithms is: for each  non-
     negative  integer i < (last - first), rotate places the ele-
     ment from the position first + i into position first + (i  +
     (last - middle)) % (last - first). [first, middle) and [mid-
     dle, last) are valid ranges.

     rotate_copy rotates the elements  as  described  above,  but
     instead  of  swapping  elements within the same sequence, it
     copies the result of the rotation to a  container  specified
     by result. rotate_copy copies the range [first, last) to the
     range [result, result + (last - first)) such that  for  each
     non-  negative  integer  i  <  (last  - first) the following
     assignment takes place:

     *(result + (i + (last - middle)) % (last -first)) =  *(first
     + i).

     The ranges [first, last) and  [result,  result,  +  (last  -
     first)) may not overlap.



COMPLEXITY
     For rotate, at most last - first swaps are performed.

     For rotate_copy, last - first assignments are performed.



EXAMPLE
     //
     // rotate
     //
      #include <algorithm>
      #include <vector>
      #include <iostream>
     using namespace std;

     int main()
      {
        //Initialize a vector with an array of ints

       int arr[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
       vector<int> v(arr, arr+10);

        //Print out elements in original (sorted) order
       cout << "Elements before rotate: " << endl << "     ";
       copy(v.begin(),v.end(),
            ostream_iterator<int,char>(cout," "));
       cout << endl << endl;

        //Rotate the elements
        rotate(v.begin(), v.begin()+4, v.end());
        //Print out the rotated elements
       cout << "Elements after rotate: " << endl << "     ";
       copy(v.begin(),v.end(),
            ostream_iterator<int,char>(cout," "));
       cout << endl;

       return 0;
      }

     Program Output



     Elements before rotate:
         1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
     Elements after rotate:
         5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4



WARNINGS
     If your compiler does not support default  template  parame-
     ters,  then you always need to supply the Allocator template
     argument. For instance, you need to write:

     vector<int, allocator<int> >

     instead of:

     vector<int>

     If your compiler does not support namespaces,  then  you  do
     not need the using declaration for std.

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