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Benchmark (3)
  • >> Benchmark (3) ( Solaris man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • Benchmark (3) ( Разные man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • 
    
    

    NAME

         Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
    
    
    

    SYNOPSIS

             timethis ($count, "code");
    
             # Use Perl code in strings...
             timethese($count, {
                 'Name1' => '...code1...',
                 'Name2' => '...code2...',
             });
    
             # ... or use subroutine references.
             timethese($count, {
                 'Name1' => sub { ...code1... },
                 'Name2' => sub { ...code2... },
             });
    
             # cmpthese can be used both ways as well
             cmpthese($count, {
                 'Name1' => '...code1...',
                 'Name2' => '...code2...',
             });
    
             cmpthese($count, {
                 'Name1' => sub { ...code1... },
                 'Name2' => sub { ...code2... },
             });
    
             # ...or in two stages
             $results = timethese($count,
                 {
                     'Name1' => sub { ...code1... },
                     'Name2' => sub { ...code2... },
                 },
                 'none'
             );
             cmpthese( $results ) ;
    
             $t = timeit($count, '...other code...')
             print "$count loops of other code took:",timestr($t),"\n";
    
             $t = countit($time, '...other code...')
             $count = $t->iters ;
             print "$count loops of other code took:",timestr($t),"\n";
    
    
    
    

    DESCRIPTION

         The Benchmark module encapsulates a number of routines to
         help you figure out how long it takes to execute some code.
    
    
         timethis - run a chunk of code several times
    
         timethese - run several chunks of code several times
    
         cmpthese - print results of timethese as a comparison chart
    
         timeit - run a chunk of code and see how long it goes
    
         countit - see how many times a chunk of code runs in a given
         time
    
         Methods
    
         new       Returns the current time.   Example:
    
                       use Benchmark;
                       $t0 = new Benchmark;
                       # ... your code here ...
                       $t1 = new Benchmark;
                       $td = timediff($t1, $t0);
                       print "the code took:",timestr($td),"\n";
    
    
         debug     Enables or disable debugging by setting the
                   `$Benchmark::Debug' flag:
    
                       debug Benchmark 1;
                       $t = timeit(10, ' 5 ** $Global ');
                       debug Benchmark 0;
    
    
         iters     Returns the number of iterations.
    
         Standard Exports
    
         The following routines will be exported into your namespace
         if you use the Benchmark module:
    
         timeit(COUNT, CODE)
                   Arguments: COUNT is the number of times to run the
                   loop, and CODE is the code to run.  CODE may be
                   either a code reference or a string to be eval'd;
                   either way it will be run in the caller's package.
    
                   Returns: a Benchmark object.
    
         timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] )
                   Time COUNT iterations of CODE. CODE may be a
                   string to eval or a code reference; either way the
                   CODE will run in the caller's package.  Results
                   will be printed to STDOUT as TITLE followed by the
                   times.  TITLE defaults to "timethis COUNT" if none
                   is provided. STYLE determines the format of the
                   output, as described for timestr() below.
    
                   The COUNT can be zero or negative: this means the
                   minimum number of CPU seconds to run.  A zero
                   signifies the default of 3 seconds.  For example
                   to run at least for 10 seconds:
    
                           timethis(-10, $code)
    
                   or to run two pieces of code tests for at least 3
                   seconds:
    
                           timethese(0, { test1 => '...', test2 => '...'})
    
                   CPU seconds is, in UNIX terms, the user time plus
                   the system time of the process itself, as opposed
                   to the real (wallclock) time and the time spent by
                   the child processes.  Less than 0.1 seconds is not
                   accepted (-0.01 as the count, for example, will
                   cause a fatal runtime exception).
    
                   Note that the CPU seconds is the minimum time: CPU
                   scheduling and other operating system factors may
                   complicate the attempt so that a little bit more
                   time is spent.  The benchmark output will,
                   however, also tell the number of `$code'
                   runs/second, which should be a more interesting
                   number than the actually spent seconds.
    
                   Returns a Benchmark object.
    
         timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] )
                   The CODEHASHREF is a reference to a hash
                   containing names as keys and either a string to
                   eval or a code reference for each value.  For each
                   (KEY, VALUE) pair in the CODEHASHREF, this routine
                   will call
    
                           timethis(COUNT, VALUE, KEY, STYLE)
    
                   The routines are called in string comparison order
                   of KEY.
    
                   The COUNT can be zero or negative, see timethis().
    
                   Returns a hash of Benchmark objects, keyed by
                   name.
    
         timediff ( T1, T2 )
                   Returns the difference between two Benchmark times
                   as a Benchmark object suitable for passing to
                   timestr().
    
         timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
                   Returns a string that formats the times in the
                   TIMEDIFF object in the requested STYLE. TIMEDIFF
                   is expected to be a Benchmark object similar to
                   that returned by timediff().
    
                   STYLE can be any of 'all', 'none', 'noc', 'nop' or
                   'auto'. 'all' shows each of the 5 times available
                   ('wallclock' time, user time, system time, user
                   time of children, and system time of children).
                   'noc' shows all except the two children times.
                   'nop' shows only wallclock and the two children
                   times. 'auto' (the default) will act as 'all'
                   unless the children times are both zero, in which
                   case it acts as 'noc'.  'none' prevents output.
    
                   FORMAT is the printf(3)-style format specifier
                   (without the leading '%') to use to print the
                   times. It defaults to '5.2f'.
    
         Optional Exports
    
         The following routines will be exported into your namespace
         if you specifically ask that they be imported:
    
         clearcache ( COUNT )
                   Clear the cached time for COUNT rounds of the null
                   loop.
    
         clearallcache ( )
                   Clear all cached times.
    
         cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] )
    
         cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF )
                   Optionally calls timethese(), then outputs
                   comparison chart.  This chart is sorted from
                   slowest to fastest, and shows the percent speed
                   difference between each pair of tests.  Can also
                   be passed the data structure that timethese()
                   returns:
    
                       $results = timethese( .... );
                       cmpthese( $results );
    
                   Returns the data structure returned by timethese()
                   (or passed in).
    
         countit(TIME, CODE)
                   Arguments: TIME is the minimum length of time to
                   run CODE for, and CODE is the code to run.  CODE
                   may be either a code reference or a string to be
                   eval'd; either way it will be run in the caller's
                   package.
    
                   TIME is not negative.  countit() will run the loop
                   many times to calculate the speed of CODE before
                   running it for TIME.  The actual time run for will
                   usually be greater than TIME due to system clock
                   resolution, so it's best to look at the number of
                   iterations divided by the times that you are
                   concerned with, not just the iterations.
    
                   Returns: a Benchmark object.
    
         disablecache ( )
                   Disable caching of timings for the null loop. This
                   will force Benchmark to recalculate these timings
                   for each new piece of code timed.
    
         enablecache ( )
                   Enable caching of timings for the null loop. The
                   time taken for COUNT rounds of the null loop will
                   be calculated only once for each different COUNT
                   used.
    
         timesum ( T1, T2 )
                   Returns the sum of two Benchmark times as a
                   Benchmark object suitable for passing to
                   timestr().
    
    
    

    NOTES

         The data is stored as a list of values from the time and
         times functions:
    
               ($real, $user, $system, $children_user, $children_system, $iters)
    
         in seconds for the whole loop (not divided by the number of
         rounds).
    
         The timing is done using time(3) and times(3).
    
         Code is executed in the caller's package.
    
         The time of the null loop (a loop with the same number of
         rounds but empty loop body) is subtracted from the time of
         the real loop.
    
         The null loop times can be cached, the key being the number
         of rounds. The caching can be controlled using calls like
         these:
    
             clearcache($key);
             clearallcache();
    
             disablecache();
             enablecache();
    
         Caching is off by default, as it can (usually slightly)
         decrease accuracy and does not usually noticably affect
         runtimes.
    
    
    

    EXAMPLES

         For example,
    
            use Benchmark;$x=3;cmpthese(-5,{a=>sub{$x*$x},b=>sub{$x**2}})
    
         outputs something like this:
    
            Benchmark: running a, b, each for at least 5 CPU seconds...
                     a: 10 wallclock secs ( 5.14 usr +  0.13 sys =  5.27 CPU) @ 3835055.60/s (n=20210743)
                     b:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.41 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.41 CPU) @ 1574944.92/s (n=8520452)
                   Rate    b    a
            b 1574945/s   -- -59%
            a 3835056/s 144%   --
    
         while
    
            use Benchmark;
            $x=3;
            $r=timethese(-5,{a=>sub{$x*$x},b=>sub{$x**2}},'none');
            cmpthese($r);
    
         outputs something like this:
    
                   Rate    b    a
            b 1559428/s   -- -62%
            a 4152037/s 166%   --
    
    
    
    

    INHERITANCE

         Benchmark inherits from no other class, except of course for
         Exporter.
    
    
    

    CAVEATS

         Comparing eval'd strings with code references will give you
         inaccurate results: a code reference will show a slightly
         slower execution time than the equivalent eval'd string.
    
         The real time timing is done using time(2) and the
         granularity is therefore only one second.
    
         Short tests may produce negative figures because perl can
         appear to take longer to execute the empty loop than a short
         test; try:
    
             timethis(100,'1');
    
         The system time of the null loop might be slightly more than
         the system time of the loop with the actual code and
         therefore the difference might end up being < 0.
    
    
    

    SEE ALSO

         the Devel::DProf manpage - a Perl code profiler
    
    
    

    AUTHORS

         Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>, Tim Bunce
         <Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>
    
    
    

    MODIFICATION HISTORY

         September 8th, 1994; by Tim Bunce.
    
         March 28th, 1997; by Hugo van der Sanden: added support for
         code references and the already documented 'debug' method;
         revamped documentation.
    
         April 04-07th, 1997: by Jarkko Hietaniemi, added the run-
         for-some-time functionality.
    
         September, 1999; by Barrie Slaymaker: math fixes and
         accuracy and efficiency tweaks.  Added cmpthese().  A result
         is now returned from timethese().  Exposed countit() (was
         runfor()).
    
    
    
    


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