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pthreads (5)
  • pthreads (3) ( Solaris man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • >> pthreads (5) ( Solaris man: Форматы файлов )
  • pthreads (7) ( Linux man: Макропакеты и соглашения )
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    NAME

    threads, pthreads - POSIX pthreads and Solaris threads concepts
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

     

    POSIX

    cc -mt [ flag... ] file... [ -lrt library... ]
    

    #include <pthread.h> 
    

     

    Solaris

    cc -mt [ flag... ] file... [ library... ]
    

    #include <sched.h>
    

    #include <thread.h>
    

     

    DESCRIPTION

    POSIX and Solaris threads each have their own implementation within libc(3LIB). Both implementations are interoperable, their functionality similar, and can be used within the same application. Only POSIX threads are guaranteed to be fully portable to other POSIX-compliant environments. POSIX and Solaris threads require different source, include files and linking libraries. See SYNOPSIS.  

    Similarities

    Most of the POSIX and Solaris threading functions have counterparts with each other. POSIX function names, with the exception of the semaphore names, have a "pthread" prefix. Function names for similar POSIX and Solaris functions have similar endings. Typically, similar POSIX and Solaris functions have the same number and use of arguments.  

    Differences

    POSIX pthreads and Solaris threads differ in the following ways:

    o POSIX threads are more portable.
    o POSIX threads establish characteristics for each thread according to configurable attribute objects.
    o POSIX pthreads implement thread cancellation.
    o POSIX pthreads enforce scheduling algorithms.
    o POSIX pthreads allow for clean-up handlers for fork(2) calls.
    o Solaris threads can be suspended and continued.
    o Solaris threads implement daemon threads, for whose demise the process does not wait.
     

    FUNCTION COMPARISON

    The following table compares the POSIX pthreads and Solaris threads functions. When a comparable interface is not available either in POSIX pthreads or Solaris threads, a hyphen (-) appears in the column.  

    Functions Related to Creation

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_create()thr_create()
    pthread_attr_init()
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate()
    pthread_attr_getdetachstate()
    pthread_attr_setinheritsched()
    pthread_attr_getinheritsched()
    pthread_attr_setschedparam()
    pthread_attr_getschedparam()
    pthread_attr_setschedpolicy()
    pthread_attr_getschedpolicy()
    pthread_attr_setscope()
    pthread_attr_getscope()
    pthread_attr_setstackaddr()
    pthread_attr_getstackaddr()
    pthread_attr_setstacksize()
    pthread_attr_getstacksize()
    pthread_attr_getguardsize()
    pthread_attr_setguardsize()
    pthread_attr_destroy()
    -

     

    Functions Related to Exit

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_exit()thr_exit()
    pthread_join()
    pthread_detach()

     

    Functions Related to Thread Specific Data

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_key_create()thr_keycreate()
    pthread_setspecific()
    pthread_getspecific()
    pthread_key_delete()

     

    Functions Related to Signals

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_sigmask()thr_sigsetmask()
    pthread_kill()

     

    Functions Related to IDs

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_self()thr_self()
    pthread_equal()
    -

     

    Functions Related to Scheduling

    POSIXSolaris
    -thr_yield()
    -
    -
    pthread_setconcurrency()
    pthread_getconcurrency()
    pthread_setschedparam()
    pthread_setschedprio()
    pthread_getschedparam()

     

    Functions Related to Cancellation

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_cancel()-
    pthread_setcancelstate()
    pthread_setcanceltype()
    pthread_testcancel()
    pthread_cleanup_pop()
    pthread_cleanup_push()

     

    Functions Related to Mutexes

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_mutex_init()mutex_init()
    pthread_mutexattr_init()
    pthread_mutexattr_setpshared()
    pthread_mutexattr_getpshared()
    pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol()
    pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol()
    pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling()
    pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling()
    pthread_mutexattr_settype()
    pthread_mutexattr_gettype()
    pthread_mutexattr_setrobust()
    pthread_mutexattr_getrobust()
    pthread_mutexattr_destroy()
    pthread_mutex_setprioceiling()
    pthread_mutex_getprioceiling()
    pthread_mutex_lock()
    pthread_mutex_trylock()
    pthread_mutex_unlock()
    pthread_mutex_destroy()

     

    Functions Related to Condition Variables

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_cond_init()cond_init()
    pthread_condattr_init()
    pthread_condattr_setpshared()
    pthread_condattr_getpshared()
    pthread_condattr_destroy()
    pthread_cond_wait()
    pthread_cond_timedwait()
    pthread_cond_signal()
    pthread_cond_broadcast()
    pthread_cond_destroy()

     

    Functions Related to Reader/Writer Locking

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_rwlock_init()rwlock_init()
    pthread_rwlock_rdlock()
    pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock()
    pthread_rwlock_wrlock()
    pthread_rwlock_trywrlock()
    pthread_rwlock_unlock()
    pthread_rwlock_destroy()
    pthread_rwlockattr_init()
    pthread_rwlockattr_destroy()
    pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared()
    pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared()

     

    Functions Related to Semaphores

    POSIXSolaris
    sem_init()sema_init()
    sem_open()
    sem_close()
    sem_wait()
    sem_trywait()
    sem_post()
    sem_getvalue()
    sem_unlink()
    sem_destroy()

     

    Functions Related to fork() Clean Up

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_atfork()-

     

    Functions Related to Limits

    POSIXSolaris
    pthread_once()-

     

    Functions Related to Debugging

    POSIXSolaris
    -thr_stksegment()

     

    LOCKING

     

    Synchronization

    Multithreaded behavior is asynchronous, and therefore, optimized for concurrent and parallel processing. As threads, always from within the same process and sometimes from multiple processes, share global data with each other, they are not guaranteed exclusive access to the shared data at any point in time. Securing mutually exclusive access to shared data requires synchronization among the threads. Both POSIX and Solaris implement four synchronization mechanisms: mutexes, condition variables, reader/writer locking (optimized frequent-read occasional-write mutex), and semaphores.

    Synchronizing multiple threads diminishes their concurrency. The coarser the grain of synchronization, that is, the larger the block of code that is locked, the lesser the concurrency.  

    MT fork()

    If a threads program calls fork(2), it implicitly calls fork1(2), which replicates only the calling thread. Should there be any outstanding mutexes throughout the process, the application should call pthread_atfork(3C) to wait for and acquire those mutexes prior to calling fork().  

    SCHEDULING

     

    POSIX Threads

    Solaris supports the following three POSIX scheduling policies:

    SCHED_OTHER

    Traditional Timesharing scheduling policy. It is based on the timesharing (TS) scheduling class.

    SCHED_FIFO

    First-In-First-Out scheduling policy. Threads scheduled to this policy, if not preempted by a higher priority, will proceed until completion. Such threads are in real-time (RT) scheduling class. The calling process must have a effective user ID of 0.

    SCHED_RR

    Round-Robin scheduling policy. Threads scheduled to this policy, if not preempted by a higher priority, will execute for a time period determined by the system. Such threads are in real-time (RT) scheduling class and the calling process must have a effective user ID of 0.

    In addition to the POSIX-specified scheduling policies above, Solaris also supports these scheduling policies:

    SCHED_IA

    Threads are scheduled according to the Inter-Active Class (IA) policy as described in priocntl(2).

    SCHED_FSS

    Threads are scheduled according to the Fair-Share Class (FSS) policy as described in priocntl(2).

    SCHED_FX

    Threads are scheduled according to the Fixed-Priority Class (FX) policy as described in priocntl(2).

     

    Solaris Threads

    Only scheduling policy supported is SCHED_OTHER, which is timesharing, based on the TS scheduling class.  

    ERRORS

    In a multithreaded application, EINTR can be returned from blocking system calls when another thread calls forkall(2).  

    USAGE

     

    -mt compiler option

    The -mt compiler option compiles and links for multithreaded code. It compiles source files with -D_REENTRANT and augments the set of support libraries properly.  

    ATTRIBUTES

    See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

    ATTRIBUTE TYPEATTRIBUTE VALUE

    MT-LevelMT-Safe, Fork 1-Safe

     

    SEE ALSO

    crle(1), fork(2), priocntl(2), libpthread(3LIB), librt(3LIB), libthread(3LIB), pthread_atfork(3C), pthread_create(3C), attributes(5), standards(5)

    Linker and Libraries Guide


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    POSIX
    Solaris
    DESCRIPTION
    Similarities
    Differences
    FUNCTION COMPARISON
    Functions Related to Creation
    Functions Related to Exit
    Functions Related to Thread Specific Data
    Functions Related to Signals
    Functions Related to IDs
    Functions Related to Scheduling
    Functions Related to Cancellation
    Functions Related to Mutexes
    Functions Related to Condition Variables
    Functions Related to Reader/Writer Locking
    Functions Related to Semaphores
    Functions Related to fork() Clean Up
    Functions Related to Limits
    Functions Related to Debugging
    LOCKING
    Synchronization
    MT fork()
    SCHEDULING
    POSIX Threads
    Solaris Threads
    ERRORS
    USAGE
    -mt compiler option
    ATTRIBUTES
    SEE ALSO


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