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rcmd (3)
  • rcmd (3) ( Solaris man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • >> rcmd (3) ( FreeBSD man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • rcmd (3) ( Русские man: Библиотечные вызовы )
  • rcmd (3) ( Linux man: Библиотечные вызовы )

  • BSD mandoc
     

    NAME

    
    
    rcmd
    
     
    rresvport
    
     
    iruserok
    
     
    ruserok
    
     
    rcmd_af
    
     
    rresvport_af
    
     
    iruserok_sa
    
     - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
    
     
    

    LIBRARY

    Lb libc
    
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>
    int rcmd (char **ahost int inport const char *locuser const char *remuser const char *cmd int *fd2p);
    int rresvport (int *port);
    int iruserok (u_long raddr int superuser const char *ruser const char *luser);
    int ruserok (const char *rhost int superuser const char *ruser const char *luser);
    int rcmd_af (char **ahost int inport const char *locuser const char *remuser const char *cmd int *fd2p int af);
    int rresvport_af (int *port int af);
    int iruserok_sa (const void *addr int addrlen int superuser const char *ruser const char *luser);
     

    DESCRIPTION

    The rcmd ();
    function is used by the super-user to execute a command on a remote machine using an authentication scheme based on reserved port numbers. The rresvport ();
    function returns a descriptor to a socket with an address in the privileged port space. The ruserok ();
    function is used by servers to authenticate clients requesting service with rcmd (.);
    All three functions are present in the same file and are used by the rshd(8) server (among others).

    The rcmd ();
    function looks up the host Fa *ahost using gethostbyname(3), returning -1 if the host does not exist. Otherwise Fa *ahost is set to the standard name of the host and a connection is established to a server residing at the well-known Internet port Fa inport .

    If the connection succeeds, a socket in the Internet domain of type SOCK_STREAM is returned to the caller, and given to the remote command as stdin and stdout If Fa fd2p is non-zero, then an auxiliary channel to a control process will be set up, and a descriptor for it will be placed in Fa *fd2p . The control process will return diagnostic output from the command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also accept bytes on this channel as being UNIX signal numbers, to be forwarded to the process group of the command. If Fa fd2p is 0, then the stderr (unit 2 of the remote command) will be made the same as the stdout and no provision is made for sending arbitrary signals to the remote process, although you may be able to get its attention by using out-of-band data.

    The protocol is described in detail in rshd(8).

    The rresvport ();
    function is used to obtain a socket to which an address with a Privileged Internet port is bound. This socket is suitable for use by rcmd ();
    and several other functions. Privileged Internet ports are those in the range 0 to 1023. Only the super-user is allowed to bind an address of this sort to a socket.

    The iruserok ();
    and ruserok ();
    functions take a remote host's IP address or name, as returned by the gethostbyname(3) routines, two user names and a flag indicating whether the local user's name is that of the super-user. Then, if the user is NOT the super-user, it checks the /etc/hosts.equiv file. If that lookup is not done, or is unsuccessful, the .rhosts in the local user's home directory is checked to see if the request for service is allowed.

    If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by anyone other than the user or the super-user, or is writable by anyone other than the owner, the check automatically fails. Zero is returned if the machine name is listed in the ``hosts.equiv '' file, or the host and remote user name are found in the ``.rhosts '' file; otherwise iruserok ();
    and ruserok ();
    return -1. If the local domain (as obtained from gethostname(3)) is the same as the remote domain, only the machine name need be specified.

    The iruserok ();
    function is strongly preferred for security reasons. It requires trusting the local DNS at most, while the ruserok ();
    function requires trusting the entire DNS, which can be spoofed.

    The functions with an ``_af '' or ``_sa '' suffix, i.e., rcmd_af (,);
    rresvport_af ();
    and iruserok_sa (,);
    work the same as the corresponding functions without a suffix, except that they are capable of handling both IPv6 and IPv4 ports.

    The ``_af '' suffix means that the function has an additional Fa af argument which is used to specify the address family, (see below). The Fa af argument extension is implemented for functions that have no binary address argument. Instead, the Fa af argument specifies which address family is desired.

    The ``_sa '' suffix means that the function has general socket address and length arguments. As the socket address is a protocol independent data structure, IPv4 and IPv6 socket address can be passed as desired. The Fa sa argument extension is implemented for functions that pass a protocol dependent binary address argument. The argument needs to be replaced with a more general address structure to support multiple address families in a general way.

    The functions with neither an ``_af '' suffix nor an ``_sa '' suffix work for IPv4 only, except for ruserok ();
    which can handle both IPv6 and IPv4. To switch the address family, the Fa af argument must be filled with AF_INET or AF_INET6 For rcmd_af (,);
    PF_UNSPEC is also allowed.  

    DIAGNOSTICS

    The rcmd ();
    function returns a valid socket descriptor on success. It returns -1 on error and prints a diagnostic message on the standard error.

    The rresvport ();
    function returns a valid, bound socket descriptor on success. It returns -1 on error with the global value errno set according to the reason for failure. The error code Er EAGAIN is overloaded to mean ``All network ports in use.''  

    SEE ALSO

    rlogin(1), rsh(1), intro(2), rlogind(8), rshd(8)

    W. Stevens M. Thomas "Advanced Socket API for IPv6" RFC2292
    W. Stevens M. Thomas E. Nordmark "Advanced Socket API for IPv6" RFC3542
     

    HISTORY

    Most of these functions appeared in BSD 4.2 The rresvport_af ();
    function appeared in RFC2292, and was implemented by the WIDE project for the Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit. The rcmd_af ();
    function appeared in draft-ietf-ipngwg-rfc2292bis-01.txt, and was implemented in the WIDE/KAME IPv6 protocol stack kit. The iruserok_sa ();
    function appeared in discussion on the IETF ipngwg mailing list, and was implemented in Fx 4.0 .


     

    Index

    NAME
    LIBRARY
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    DIAGNOSTICS
    SEE ALSO
    HISTORY


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